Terpenoid In Plants

Terpenoid is considered form the largest group of natural products and a class of secondary metabolites found in a lot of plants and many other organisms with more than 40,000 different structures. The plant produces multiple terpenoid compounds with highly diverse structures. These compounds play critical role and function in the interactions with environmental factors and fundamental biological processes. Terpenoid, which is a characteristic feature of plants, is of particular importance and can protect plants against insect and a wide variety of microorganisms (i.e., viruses, bacteria, fungi). Numerous studies have been carried out to understand in-depth the mechanisms of terpene functions in the transgenic plant. Garden sage (Salvia officinalis

In this study, a transcriptome database established for S. officinalis, and S. guaranitica leaves using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to identify and characterize related genes to the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. After completed sequencing, we characterized these genes using transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Glycine max hairy root to determine their biological significance for terpenoid production in various tissues. Soybean (Glycine max) is one from the oldest polyploidy (pa leopolyploid) plants and one of the most food crops domesticated in the world. Soybean terpenes were analyzed several decades ago. It contains several of mono- and sesquiterpene components, such as linalool, α-pinene,trans-ocimene, α-humulene and (E, E)-α-farnesene, which have been found in the wild soybeans. Alongside, some terpene compounds were present at deficient concentrations, have been identified in the leaves of relatively insect-resistant soybean

From S. officinalis, we identified 135 unigenes that are putatively involved in terpenoid metabolism (including, 65 terpene synthase genes, and other 70 for MEP, MVA and other terpenoid backbone biosynthesis). Also, we identified 267 unigenes in S. guaranitica that are putatively involved in terpenoid metabolism (including, 69 terpene synthase genes, and other 198 for MEP, MVA and terpenoid backbone).

4. From the GC-MS analysis, 236 and 204 compounds were identified using n-hexane extracts from three fresh aerial parts and six fresh parts of S. officinalis and S. guaranitica, respectively.

5. The expression pattern of eleven candidate genes from S. officinalis and fifteen candidate genes from S. guaranitica with a higher expression level were selected, and their expression profiles were compared to young leaf, old leaf, stem, flower, bud flower and root samples. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR was used to determine the ‘transcriptional control’.

6. Five terpene synthase genes (SoNEOD, SoCINS, SoSABS, SoLINS, and SoTPS6) from S. officinalis were cloned, and studied for their functions in terpenoid biosynthesis by using transgenic tobacco; most transgenic tobacco plants expressing these terpene synthetic genes produced increased amounts of terpenoids compared with wild-type