Genes involved in flowering time such as FRIGIDA-like protein 4a and Agamous-like MADS-box protein were also identified as potential targets. Genes involved in signal transduction (Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 10) and intramembrane cleaving protease (signal peptide peptidase) was also identified. Involvement of the target genes in stress response and observed correlation between flowering time and for Fusarium oxysporum resistance these genes are among the preferred candidate for the expression validation
The genus Salvia comprises about 900 species distributed all over the world and is one of the major genera belonging to Lamiaceae family (1). Salvia species have been used since ancient times for different purposes, including perfumery industry and for culinary and therapeutic applications. These plants have been traditionally employed for their cerebrovascular and cardiac benefits, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antimicrobial, tranquilizing, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and many other medicinal properties (2-4). Numerous phytochemical and biological studies have been carried out on a number of Salvia species. Flavonoids and terpenoids are the main secondary metabolites in Salvia species.
Dry fruits of caesalpinia pulcherrima, aerial parts of Euphorbia hirta, flowers of Asystasia gangeticum were tested against Escherichia coli (enteropathogen), Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Rizopous oligosporus. Ethanolic extracts of all plants exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Caesalpinia pulcherrima only exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oligosporus. Emele et al., (1998) cultivated fungi on sapientum glucose agar medium and sabouraud glucose agar, a standard medium. Sporulation and pigment formation of mycelium was stronger on sapientum glucose agar medium than other medium.
Development of SSR Markers in Satureja bachtiarica , based on 454 Sequencing Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Satureja bachtiarica (Lamiaceae) an endemic medicinal plant of Iran. to reveal genetic characteristics in wild populations. Methods and Results: Using next-generation sequencing, 454-GS-FLX, 15 microsatellite markers were identified, of which 11 were identified as polymorphic. These markers were study on 60 individuals from five populations of S.bachtiarica. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 9, with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.159 to 0.882.
While the diterpenes fraction contains specific and characteristic components that cannot be detected in any other foods, the composition of the coffee’s sterolic fraction is really close to that of other common vegetable oils. In particular, 10 sterols are detected in green beans: cholesterol (C), campesterol (Ca), 24-methylencholesterol (24MC), stigmasterol (SS), betasitosterol (BS), Δ5-avenasterol (D5), Δ7-avenasterol (D7), cycloartenol (Car), 24-methylencycloartanol (24MCa), and citrostadienol (Ci).18 The tochopherol fraction represents a minimal part of the whole UM (less than 1%). The two main tocopherols in both Arabica and Robusta green beans are alfa-tocopherol and beta-tocopherol. Vestigial amounts of gamma- and delta-tocopherol have also been found. A clear distinction between Arabica and Robusta green coffees can be performed according to the total tochopherols amount, which is significantly higher for Arabica.19,20They are mainly characterized by pentacyclic alcohols, with a kaurene skeleton.
Results and discussion Plants are rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites which could possess antifungal potentials [26]. B. abyssinica was tested against nine diabetic status opportunistic fungi. The results showed the plants extracts only inhibited the growth of 33% of the tested organisms. The essential oil, acetone and aqueous extracts were inactive against the growth of all organisms except M. canis, M. gypseum and T. rubrum. The zones of inhibition were varying from 19.3 to 33.3 mm (Table 1).
Edberg SC et al thought that the reaction was similar to the conversion of diphenols, aminophenols, and diaminobenzenes to melanin. They have been studied isolates of C. neoformans, C. albidus, C. luteolus, and C. terreus and representatives of the genera Candida, Torulopsis, Geotrichum, and Rhodotorula, plus environmental field studies, demonstrated that over 95% of C. neoformans isolates were correctly identified, whereas all other fungi were
Mutations of TNFRSF1A (12P13.2) gene have been demonstrated to bring about the disease1. To date, six missense mutations were discovered in the target gene subsequent to the identification of candidate locus 4. Elsewhere,four novel mutations in TNFRSF1A gene were detected 9. This leaded to screening of 18 families with patients afflicted with TRAPS-like features 10. The authors identified 3 previously reported and 8 novel mutations and concluded that genetic basis in affected members was heterogeneous.
Six of these acetylenic compounds were confirmed by Bohlmann and Jakupovic in 1979 . matricaria ester and related compounds were studied. However there hasn’t been any Research by the modern techniques on sequiterpene component ot of horseweed. (Hrutfiord, Hatheway et al.
From plant sources, the enzyme is present in tannin rich vegetables mainly in their fruits, leaves, branches and barks of trees like konnam, mirobolano and badul [8]. Many fungal species have been proved for its ability to produce tannase that have higher enzyme activity compared to bacterial and yeast tannase. The most important source to obtain the enzyme is by microbial way, because the produced enzymes are more stable than similar ones obtained from other sources [7]. In this study, the kinetics of tannase production using A.flavus with redgram husk was studied and various unstructured kinetic models were used to characterize the fermentation