Adam Sedgeman
Introduction
The Gupta Empire has many achievements, and their greatest achievement was metalwork. During the Gupta Empire period 240 to 550 CE, metals, iron, copper, gold, and silver played a vital role in boosting the poor economic condition of the region. Items made from silver could only be afforded by the rich. Some of the most famous items made by the metal workers were the coins. The Gupta rulers were engraved into the gold and silver coins. The coins were used as a money system. They did not just make coins; they also made monuments, weapons, and everyday objects, like silverware, vases, etc. Gupta Empire metal workers were also very good with iron. They made an iron pillar that was 7.21 meters tall. The pillar is located in a place called Mehrauli. After being in the rain, sun, and snow for 1600 years, the pillar surprisingly has no rust on it. No one knows how the metalworkers acquired their advanced skills. Just because there are other achievements of the Gupta Empire does not mean this one is not important. Metalwork is what they're famous for, and it is a spectacular achievement. Gupta metalwork is a work of art and should never be forgotten.
What did they do?
What is metal work? Metalwork of the Gupta Empire is very popular and well known,
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Some of the Gupta people were Buddhism( a religion of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Gautama Buddha that suffering is inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by mental and moral self-purification.), and some of them were Jainism(A nontheistic religion founded in India in the 6th century bc by the Jina Vardhamana Mahavira as a reaction against the teachings of orthodox Brahmanism, and still practiced there. The Jain religion teaches salvation by perfection through successive lives, and noninjury to living creatures, and is noted for its ascetics. See also Svetambara and
Silver was one of the most dominant and popular features around the mid-sixteenth century throughout the early eighteenth century. The treasured item was found from Spaniards traveling west around 1532. There were mountains found made of silver that became a huge advantage for the Spaniards. The mita system from the Incas, which was used to build roads and buildings, were to mine and process silver. This silver was soon sent out to be used throughout China, Portuguese and Spain.
Religions of the Ancient World Of the seven religions/philosophies, most are polytheistic, with Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as exceptions. These three religions are the three major monotheistic religions, meaning they all only believe in one God. Being a Hindu, you should be grateful, strong, patient, gentle, good, generous, and truthful, as said in the Ancient Indian Epic, Mahabharata in 400 B.C. Hinduism has a Caste System (Doc. 3), which greatly influences the Hindu people. The four major castes are: The Brahmins: priests, The Kshatriyas: warriors, rulers, senators, presidents, and majors, The Vaisyas: farmers, merchants, lawyers, and doctors, The Sudras: unskilled workers, and the Other sub-castes: “untouchables” (Doc. 7). Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion born in India 563 B.C. with Siddhartha as there founder. the basic beliefs are the 4 noble truths (Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, and Marga). Like document 6 says noble truth one (Dukkha) "birth is suffering, aging is suffering, illness is suffering etc." In noble truth four (Marga) says "right intention, right action, right effort ect." Which means if you are suffering in some type of way you stop it by doing something right.
Egypt 's Old Kingdom (Dynasties 3–6, ca. 2649–2150 B.C.) was a standout amongst the most element time frames in the improvement of Egyptian workmanship. Amid this period, craftsmen figured out how to express their way of life 's perspective, making interestingly pictures and structures that persevered for eras. Planners and bricklayers aced the methods important to construct stupendous structures in stone. Artists made the most punctual pictures of people and the primary lifesize statues in wood, copper, and stone. They consummated the specialty of cutting many-sided alleviation beautification and, through sharp perception of the common world, delivered definite pictures of creatures, plants, and even scenes, recording the crucial
There are several ways in which religion could affect the lives of its’ followers. Hinduism and Buddhism are both good examples of religions that prove this theory. Despite their similarities and differences in beliefs, both religions hold in common the impaction of religion upon their believers’ lives. Hinduism is a belief system that originated in India. Hindus believe in reincarnation, or the rebirth of the soul.
The end of the iconoclast controversy has come, and the beginning of the Macedonian dynasty and/or Second Golden Age has initiated. Therefore, the art of religious figures and holy images were making frequent reappearances. Most of these images were in mosaic form. Mosaics became a prime art form during the Byzantine times. They were made by implanting normal-sized, naturally colored stones, composed with opaque glass, into a soft cement or plaster.
The founder of the Buddhism religion was Guatama Buddha this religion was founded in 654 BC. There is no founder of the religion Hinduism. According to some resources it is said that Hinduism is not basically a religion but it is a way of living or a substance of life. The spreading of Buddhism religion had started from India and it spread among many countries. There are two types of Buddhism according to some sources, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism is quite different than Theravada Buddhism as it refers to the daily practice of meditation by Buddhists.
Comparison and Contrast of Buddhism and Christianity Buddhism and Christianity are religions that have similarities and differences. Although they were developed on separate parts of the world, they were both had prominent influences on peoples values and attitudes. The comparison of Buddhism and Christianity shows many similarities and differences in their origin, salvation, prayer, scriptural guidelines, worship, but ultimately they both showed people peace around the world. The origination of Buddhism and Christianity came into existences after older faiths of Hinduism and Judaism, and as a response to the needs of people during that time.
Despite thousands of miles separating the geographical origins of Buddhism and Catholicism, their respective emergence and diffusion share parallels. The birthplace of Buddhism is located in, beginning with a privileged prince named Siddhartha Gautama (Van Voorst 74). He remained oblivious to the hardships of the common people, for he was accustomed to a life of prosperity. However, several trips beyond his palace prompted him to witness the harsh realities of the world. He encountered a man battling the degenerative effects of old age, a man succumbing to a disease, and a man’s sorrowful funeral (Van Voorst 75-77).
Only individuals with any influence within the kingdom had access to bronze. The Shang perfected the skill of designing, forging, and mastered complicated practices that involved creating specialized weaponry and vessels, the innovation of bronze technology and the manufacture of bronze weapons provided the Shang forces a prestigious advantage over their adversaries and entirely changed the methods of warfare. They had also designed a newly-sophisticated weapon, the horse-drawn chariots. Chariots enabled superiors to oversee their troops across great distances and making them mobile. Since many wars had occurred, these new technologies had contributed the longest-lasting Dynasty.
Hinduism and Buddhism are both two religions that are similar, yet different in many ways. Known to be one of the oldest religions in the world, Hinduism began in India about 4000 years ago. Hinduism was originally practiced by an ancient population, the Aryans. About 2500 years ago, or 1500 years after the beginning of Hinduism, a prince by the name of Siddhartha Gautama realized that even princes can not escape illness and death after he saw those who suffer from them. It is said that he practiced praying, meditating and fasting until he was given the name Buddha, meaning the Enlightened one because of his understanding of the truths of life.
“ Evidence of tremendous wealth can be seen in the burst of building activity both public and private that occurred during this period” (Newman, 64) Thutmose III is portrayed always as a fierce military leader but many people forget that he was trained to be a priest in his younger years when Hatshepsut was in charge. Thutmose III built the great Festival Hall at Karnak and polished the shrine of Montu, the god of war. “Thutmose constructed more temples, shrines, votive buildings pylons and fortresses than any of his predecessor and all of his successors” (Gabriel, 13). Some other works that were built in the time of Thutmose include two great obelisks that are called Cleopatra’s needles, they are located today in New York and London.
The coins were made of gold, silver and copper, and the writing on them was in Greek and Ge’ez. If you knew Greek during this time period, you were considered educated. Aksum is considered an educated empire not only because they knew Greek, but because they had their own language as well, Ge’ez. This advancement helped Aksum thrive and illustrates how advanced and prosperous, the Aksumite economy was. These coins, along with spices, gum, tortoise shell and ivory, were used in trade in exchange for Egyptian cloth, linen, articles of flint, brass, sheets of soft copper, iron ingots, wine, olive oil, and gold and silver.
The stele is made out of pink sandstone, Hatshepsut’s statue was made with red granite, and Khafre’s statue was made with diorite. The material with what these pieces were made was chosen by the ruler for reasons like durability and expression of his or her wealth. The purpose of the piece ‘Victory Stele of Naram-Sin’ was made do illustrate Kind Naram-Sin’s victory and conquer of the mountain, ‘Hatshepsut with Offering Jars’ was made to honor the gods, and finally, ‘Khafre Enthroned’ which was made to just simply depict him as an enthroned divine ruler. Thanks to the many portraitures found from the ancient times, such as these three, we are allowed in this point of time to familiarize with what our ancestors believed and how it all evolved over
The gold coin of Croesus was made around 550 BC in Lydia, an area which is now western Turkey. Croesus was the King of Lydia, who was and still is famous for his wealth, which gave him a unique influence - financial power. Croesus is known to have given the world its first reliable currency and some of the world’s first coins were produced in Lydia. The coins had deep impressions in them which were created by hammer. The Lydians became rich, as the state had speeded up the market by minting coins of pure gold or silver of consistent weights giving them reliable value.