INTRODUCTION The Haitian Revolution was one of the largest and most successful slave revolutions in the Western Hemisphere, because it consisted of several synchronized revolutions. St Domingue was considered to be one of the richest colonies in the West Indies. There were many conditions in the society of Haiti that contributed to the rebellion in 1791. The main points focused on are the ruthless treatment of the enslaved and the desire for Haitian blacks and multi-racial people to be treated with respect and decency THE FREE PERSONS OF COLOUR While discussing the issue of free colored the writer states that there were approximately 35,000 free persons of color in 1789. (Beckles and shepherd 183).
Brown states that “Colorism is the crazy aunt in the attic of racism” (Faisal, 2013). Colorism is sometimes referred to as the cousin of racism. According to social scientists, such as Edward B. Reuter (1917) and E. Franklin Frazier (1957) Colorism can be traced back to racist ideologies developed in European culture and then passed on during and after slavery. Before Europeans came to the Caribbean, there was the notion of White supremacy and when they came into the Caribbean, these values transferred into Caribbean culture. White slave masters showed preference to those African slaves who had a lighter complexion and they were allowed to work as house slaves, whereas the slaves with a darker complexion worked as field slaves doing all the hard, manual labor.
Drawing on Adam Smith’s views, Harriet Martineau portrayed slavery as an economically disastrous system, explaining how everyone would profit if the slaves were freed . The advocates of emancipation presented it as furnishing an economic stimulus via market expansion, as the free worker was also a consumer – an abolitionist pamphlet published in Liverpool in 1828 argued that ‘the slaves in our West India islands, by being made free would not only raise more produce, but also consume much more of our manufactures’ . For his part, Thomas Clarkson rode 35,000 miles and boarded hundred of ships to gather evidence against slavery – he collected a lot of material, put in a specially made box (‘the Clarkson box’), in order to demonstrate the horrors of the practice, but also the skills of the Africans and the possibilities that existed for an alternative trading system . However, the Agency Committee refused to make a purely or predominantly economic argument against slavery, instructing its lecturers to make clear that the central objection to slavery was humanitarian and religious
Parmentier WOSSE 18-003 INSURGENCY The Revolutionary war was a catalyst to bring a nation together and introduce insurgency and guerilla tactics to help beat a more formidable opponent. Insurgency tactics used by the militia brought the British Army to a point of shame, by disrupting and wearing down the fighting spirit of the British. We will look at the first insurgency and how militiamen, made of farmers and tradesmen, used insurgency, and guerilla tactics, to wear down the British army and help the Colonial army, win the war. Phase one- Survival: The building phase was completed at this point from wars fought in previous years. Many had fought in the French and Indian War where they learned how to fight and use guerrilla tactics.
Morrison grew up in an American family that possessed an intense love and appreciation for black culture and people. From her parents Morrison learned how to face racism. She uses her novel to describe and show the suffrage of the black people. Morrison's novel highlights and shows the result of the migration from the rural south to the urban north from 1930s to 1950s. The migrants lost their sense of community and identity.
The Haitian revolution was triggered by the desire for Haitian blacks and multi-racial people to be treated with respect and decorum and the cruelty faced by slaves. The Haitians took pattern from the French in carrying out there revolts. The successful revolts from the French inspired the free people of color and the enslaved Haitians to revolt against the systems which treated them unfairly, this revolt led to represent a new notion of human rights, partaking in government, and universal nationality. In the 18th century, Haiti as we know it, was France 's wealthiest overseas colony, solely because of its production of coffee, sugar, indigo, and cotton produced by an enslaved labor force. Before the revolution occurred, Haiti had three classes of people: the whites, the multi-racial people and the black slaves.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain showcases a story where society upholds racial discriminations that clearly set a line between slaves and those who own them. In the novel whites are superior while black people are below them and are practically just objects that can be sold and replaced. The way that society functioned and the abuse that Huck received is what made him decide to leave and find his freedom. Jim, a slave who was gonna be sold also decides to leave in order to obtain his freedom. Both Huck and Jim leave their homes and families to go on a journey to find their freedom.
In Britain’s case the emergence of the abolition society and their campaign to educate the public of England of the true nature of slavery in the colonies, (Davis, 1975) along with shift in economic responsibility amounted to Britain abolishing slavery in the colonies. With France however, though there were pushes from their society of abolitionists, the initial abolition of slavery in 1794 served as a form of risk management due to the fighting going on in Saint Domingue at the time. With Haiti’s independence, this motivated and spurred the abolition movements in the Spanish and Dutch colonies. France’s final abolition of slavery came due to the major loss of Haiti which was a large chunk of their economic power in the West Indies. The abolition of slavery in the West Indies was due to the economic losses that the colonial powers were hoping to avoid with the emergence of even more and possibly successful slave
In America, opposition to slavery started with acts of defiance such as “slave resistance”, where African American slaves would rebel in several ways to attain greater freedom. While this “revolution” gathered steam, with slaves often running away from their masters and finding shelter in swamps, lakes or in cities that believed in their cause, more organized forms of opposition, led by reformers like William Garrison (Document E), who founded The American Anti-Slave Society, also started gaining traction. The growing opposition to slavery, by both slaves and their white sympathizers, eventually culminated in a determined abolitionist movement that highlighted the plight of so many and galvanized public opinion against an appalling institution.
Runaway slaves were very common, slaves killing slave masters; and slavery as an established legitimate institution was cracking at its base. White people realized that most black people and mulattoes would prefer to return to their African motherland than to live in servitude. Thus in 1821 the American Colonization Society bought a large piece of land (43,000 sq. miles, almost half the entire new country) in the west coast of Africa "Cape Mesurado". The site then was called Grain Coast by the Portuguese because of its valuable crop called "Pepper."