The Bauhaus Movement And The Modern Movement

A perfect duty is moral truth that must be followed at all times, while an imperfect duty is one that should be followed some of the time depending on the circumstance. Kant expresses that we have perfect duties to respect other’s freedoms and we have a perfect duty to tell the truth. The AHA uses these two duties in their discussions on teaching and the shared values of historians. First off, the AHA states that presenting multiple perspectives on history are parts of the truths of history, therefore according to Kant we have a perfect duty to truth and presenting multiple perspectives. Secondly, the AHA explains the importance of dialogue and respecting opposing viewpoints.

The Bauhaus is an Art and Architecture school founded in Germany in 1919. It is considered as the most influential art school in design history and the leading ideology in modernism that was a philosophical movement arose as result of rapid urbanization and industrialization in the early 20th century (Lewis, 2000, p.38). The name Bauhaus derived from the German word ‘bauen’ – to build and ‘haus’ which means the house (Mack, 1963, p.1). As the industrialization has been a dominating factor to the society, understanding about Bahaus’ ideas are still encouraged comprehended. This essay will discuss the aesthetic approach that rejected decorative details in the Bauhaus in which, the manipulation of art form and the use of design principles are

Kaufmann, Fallingwater. In Wright’s essay ‘The Nature House’, he wrote that a proper house should be one that is “integral to site; integral to environment; integral to the life of the inhabitants” (Wright, 1970). Houses were placed to be fitted to clients; their form should be so in tune with the setting as to appear that they were growing from their site, like a tree grows from the ground. With the special typology of this site, the design principle of Fallingwater advances ‘form follows functions’ to ‘form and functions are one’.

The embargo of 1807 reduced the amount of desperately needed foreign goods. To compensate for this deficit, enhanced manufacturing became necessary, seen most notably in the Lowell System in the Northeast. The inventions of Francis Cabot Lowell allowed the Boston manufacturing company to coalesce all of these processes and procedures in the facility at Waltham. With peace, New England became a textile mill center (Borneman 259). This progression of manufacturing led to a larger middle class, as people found the desire to buy luxury goods for themselves once again, leading to economic enhancement.

History of Design The dada movement Ahmad Nabil Student ID: 137499 Max Ernst - At the rendezvous of friends 1922 Seated from left to right: René Crevel, Max Ernst, Dostoievsky, Theodore Fraenkel, Jean Paulhan, Benjamin Peret, Johannes Baargeld, Robert Desnos. Standing: Philippe Soupault, Jean Arp, Max Morise, Raphael, Paul Eluard, Louis Aragon, Andre Breton, Giorgio de Chirico, Gala Eluard Dada Movement Intellectual and artistic movement that appeared in New York and Zurich (1916), spread throughout Europe until 1923 and exercised, through its subversive practice, a decisive influence on various avant-garde movements.

“A new architecture, the great building – these were the goals of Bauhaus education as formulated by Gropius in the Manifesto” (Droste, 2002, p.40). Geometric shapes and functional style the Bauhaus heralded the modern age of architecture and design. Founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius and directed afterwards by Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Mies Van de Rohe, the Bauhaus is today considered to be the most important schools of art, design, and architecture of the 20th century. Dessau in Germany, a two hour train ride from Berlin; there in 1926 Walter Gropius built his higher academy for the arts “The Bauhaus”. For the inhabitance of Dessau, the building that rose up before the rise was a peculiar thing with its glass walls, right angles, and flat roofs.

Within these Lectures, he introduces the term of ‘biopolitics’ within his philosophical vocabulary  ‘Birth of Biopolitics’ is, in fact, the title of the Lecture (Foucault 2008). This notion is strictly bound to another important element we find in Foucault’s toolbox from the second half of the Seventies, namely with the notion of ‘governmentality’. Asking rhetorically to his audience why an analysis of some scholars of the Twentieth century belonging to the discipline of economics should provide an explanation of what biopolitics and governmentality are, Foucault answers that methodological reasons led him to take that step. These reasons are strictly related to the question of how power structure arise and propagate within society. In order to better understand that point, it is mandatory to step back to the former year Lectures .

In the article “Does Germany Need Colonies?” by Friedrich Fabri, it explains the motivations Germany have for going to get colonies. It explains how Germany is superior to everyone else, “Should not the German nation, so seaworthy, so industrially and commercially minded, more than other peoples geared to agricultural colonization” (Friedrich Fabri, 1879). It further mentions how it with be beneficial to the nation and its spirit, “Our national spirit will be renewed, a gratifying thing, a great asset. … At the same time, this is the only way to stability and to the growth of national welfare, the necessary foundation for a lasting expansion of power.”

The notion of modern state started emerging in the sixteenth century and with the span of time, this idea of modern state became universal through conquest and overpowering. Modern state, i.e. the enriched and the precise form of absolutist state aspires for the pursuit of central power in the state and makes its way regularized for the national system of power to get implemented. The concept of modern state has been there since the Westphalia Peace Treaty in the mC17. But even before that peace treaty, the similar form of state was there in the form of imperialism and there existed the princely states which used to be governed by the imperial authorities. Now with the formation of modern state the other forms of power structures has become weak and has now been exhausted.

Less is Bore Modernism movement had transformed with the clear ambition of improving people’s lives, however, it was in direct conflict with the spirit of 70s. For example, modernist architects aimed to find the perfect building that could serve any person, any function, and in any location. The clean lines on architecture of modernism was basically directed to be a perfectly engineered blank canvas for life. The people of the 70s, however, viewed modernist architecture as an oppressive, one-size-fits-all solution to the richly varied complexities of life. Furthermore, characteristics of modernist (rejecting historicism and ornamentation) have pushed both designers and architect to create building and design with the exact opposite characteristics

Riis, however, believed that building new models of tenements was the best option. With improved designs, the new tenements would not only prove to help the poor and be a social success but also increase the profit and be a business success as

Russia’s enlightenment period consisted of changes of a more defined military hierarchy, building up metallurgical and mining industries, and reformation of its economy while continuing to use serf labor. One paradigm of Westernization was seen in Peter the Great’s order for all men of nobility to cut their beards off, symbolizing the shaving of “old Russia” and growing into a time of advanced education and new cultural styles, reflecting the Renaissance. Furthermore, Peter’s ministers created law codes extending throughout Russia and revising the tax system, imposing larger taxes on Russian

Modernism is a literary and artistic movement of the 20th century that can be defined as a set of values produced between World War I and II. Some examples of Modernist Literature are the essays Modern Fiction by Virginia Woolf and From Romanticism and Classicism by T.E. Hulme. These essays characterize Modernism by it’s rejection of materialism and the sensible view of hopes and dreams that it holds. And though not all pieces created in this time were an example of modernist literature, All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque is. This is due to its strong stance that man has limits, unlike the past literary movement, Romanticism, which viewed man as a somewhat perfect creature possible of anything, and the fact that it strayed from materialism, and focused more on internal conflict.

In the early 20th century after the world war I, this was the period when modernism started. There was the industrialization, development of modern technology to solve problems and there was the modernist movement in writing also. This movement was characterized by a lack of confidence in the traditional ways of explaining existence and its meaning. Family, and religion were no longer seen as being dependable. Writers could not find any meaning in the old ways of writing, they did see the need to start writing in new techniques as the world was changing.