Circulatory System Outline

Steven Moore 3/12/2016 Atrial/Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Surgical Procedure Task An atrioventricular septal defect is a condition that results in a defect located in the middle of the heart. The condition takes place when a hole forms between the heart 's atrium and ventricular chambers.

The cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. One of the most important jobs it has is to “circulate” blood. The heart works to pump the deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange while simultaneously pumping oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues. The blood vessels work to continuously bring the blood to all areas of the body which helps regulate body temperature.  The flow of oxygenated blood to the tissues helps deliver nutrients such as amino acids and electrolytes, water and oxygen.

Common causes of this type of hemorrhage are hypertension, trauma, and the use of blood thinners. Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when an artery within the surface of the brain bursts and spills in the space between the surface of the brain and skull. The leakage is most commonly caused by an aneurysm. A transient ischemic attack is also known as TIA or “mini stroke”.

Perfusion : Perfusion is the process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in itsbiological tissue. The word is derived from the French verb "perfuser" meaning to "pour over or through"[3]. Tests verifying that adequate perfusion exists are a part of a patient's assessment process that are performed by medical or emergency personnel. The most common methods include evaluating a body's skin color, temperature, condition and capillary refill.

Cerebral edema is a life threatening homeostatic imbalance that may be caused by many things and can be treated if the diagnosis, recognition and management is timely. (ScienceDirect: Cerebral Edema) There are three categories of cerebral edema: vasogenic, cytotoxic and interstitial. Vasogenic edema happens when there is increased permeability of the blood brain barrier. Some of the most common vasogenic causes of edema include: brain tumors/abscesses, lead toxicity, stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis and hypercapnia.

There are many things that can be done in order to manage atrial fibrillation such as undergoing certain procedures and taking certain medicine. With atrial fibrillation the medicine can be taken to aid with controlling the heart rate and preventing blood clots. The medication that can be used for this is amiodarone and Propafenone because they are antiarrhythmic. Antiarrhythmic drugs are use help with arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) in the heart. Amiodarone is a group three antiarrhythmic drug which means that it works by blocking the potassium channels which then slows down the cells ability to repolarize but it has properties of all four type of antiarrhythmic.

Blood is one of the most important liquid inside the human body, it has about 4-6 L of blood. Blood circulate inside our body. Losing blood could be really dangerous because blood is liquid that circulate the oxygen inside the human body and the blood wont also circulate which will make the heart stop to pump. Open surgery is one of the cause why people could experience blood loss. Blood loss will occur when an open surgery is preceded, the doctor need to open the layer of skin one by one.

1. Give three different examples of the function of blood. -Blood supplies the body with the nutrients that are essential for the body; such as the following: oxygen, glucose, and insulin. - Blood removes the waste products of metabolism, in terms of creatinine, carbon dioxide and urea. -Blood provides a defense mechanism for the white blood cell count and the antibodies.

This serious compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscles can cause tissue damage and problems with blood flow. This is due to direct or indirect serious muscle injury, such as a building collapse. This can lead to kidney failure. While someone with extreme trauma has a high chance of developing crush syndrome, there are people who have a genetic predisposition to develop rhabdo. Early treatment of rhabdomyolysis can result in complete recovery.

This procedure is not as invasive as the normal treatment for mitral valve regurgitation and allows the patient to heal faster. This procedure consists of, clipping the mitral valve leaflets together instead of being sutured, like they would be in open heart surgery. This procedure like the TAVR is performed through a catheter inserted through the femoral vein. Open heart surgery is still the preferred treatment for mitral valve regurgitation but this procedure is very important to people who were denied the invasive surgery. It is saving patients who would have normally died due to not being suitable for the regular open heart

The blood seeps in the sinusoids on its way to the hepatic veins, and then to the vena cava. This filtration is ideal for hepatocytes to filter the blood, process and store nutrients, cleanse, and remove debris. 6. Cirrhosis leads to scarring and increased hydrostatic pressure in the hepatic portal vein. Explain why this increased venous pressure causes net filtration to increase in the hepatic capillaries, leading to ascites (swollen and fluid-filled interstitial space of the abdomen).

So what exactly is rhabdomyolysis? It is an imbalance in the muscle that happens when the muscle tissue of an affected area breaks down quickly, which can release its toxins into your blood stream. This can be caused by a hard hit to a muscle, causing muscle injury, as well as from the use of certain narcotics and even severe dehydration (Cervellin 2010). As learned in the course muscles are composed of sarcolemma which is the membrane that is composed of many Na+, K+ and Na+, CA+ channels that when a muscle is injured , stop functioning

Lymphovenous Bypass WHAT IS LYMPHOVENOUS BYPASS? The lymphatic system is not very well known, but it is vital to the operation of the human body. It works alongside the bloodstream absorbing any leaked fluid from the blood vessels, this is known as lymph. Lymph nodes filter the lymph and put it back into the blood, but if these lymph nodes are damaged or removed the result is lymphedema, which is the swelling of a limb creating pain and immobility.

If it does not, blood may leak out of the artery. Other causes of a pseudoaneurysm include: • Trauma to the walls of an artery, such as from a stabbing injury or a deep cut. • Bypass artery grafting surgery, which is a type of surgery that makes blood flow to the heart better. • An infection that affects the walls of an artery.

So you should know what they are, even though this is an external procedure. When having lithotripsy, you may experience internal bleeding, which can require a blood transfusion. There is also a chance of infection and/or kidney damage, if a stone fragment blocks urine flow out of the kidneys. Possible kidney damage can occur after lithotripsy causing them not to work as well following the procedure. Possible but rare complications that can occur are high blood pressure and kidney