In America, the Commander-In-Chief decides where troops will be stationed, where the ships will be sent, and what weapons they will use. The Commander-In-Chief does NOT decide who can join the military. Our president tweeted out that having transgenders in the military would be too expensive and would derail their focus, presenting a transgender ban in the military. Not only is this not backed up by facts, but it is unconstitutional as well. As stated in the Fourteenth Amendment, “No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States...” transgenders have the right to join the military unless their personal actions violate any other restrictions. In addition, there is no real …show more content…
This case came from Louisiana where in 1890 had a law passed that stated “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” on its railroads. Plessy in 1892 had bought a first class ticket and was confronted and was forced to sit in what they called “Jim Crow train”. When Plessy refused, they sent him to the Criminal Court in New Orleans who stayed true to the state law, the case was then sent to the Supreme Court. It was also brought up that it violates the 13th and 14th amendments. That idea was brought down when the vote came to 7-1 and said that the law only “implies merely a legal distinction” between the two races and that it didn’t go against the 13th amendment forbidding involuntary servitude. Justice John Marshall Harlan was the only dissenter saying that “The white race deems itself to be the dominant race,” but the Constitution recognizes “no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens.” Harlan continued: “Our Constitution is color-blind…. In respect of civil rights all citizens are equal before the law.” This law stayed around until the Brown v Board of Education case came …show more content…
“No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” this illustrates that no matter what kind of person you are, you should be equal to everyone else, whether it be skin color, or sexuality. It also states that no state will take away these privileges without due process of law. This applies to both the transgender ban and the Plessy case. The transgender ban discriminates against the transgenders trying to join the army, which is taking away the privilege of enrollment in the military. This applies to the Plessy case because the Plessy case violates the equality of race and the ruling expresses that separate facilities are fine as long as they’re equal. Even though it’s very obviously not equal, it then violates the 14th amendment. Another connection is the fact that people actually agreed with these outrages statements. 7-1 was the final ruling in the Supreme Court, and 27 % of Americans (according to https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/8/3/16090380/transgender-military-ban-poll) agree with the transgender military ban. It shows how no matter how obviously unconstitutional a statement is, you will still find people who agree with
Speaking for the majority was Justice Henry Brown. He stated that “a statute which implies merely a legal distinction between the white and colored races -- has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races.” (Wormser, n.d.). In addition, that the 14th amendment was to undoubtedly enforce the equality of the two races before the law, and that it could have not been intended to abolish distinctions base on color (Wormser, n.d.). This case law allowed for segregation as long as that everyone were treated
John H. Ferguson was the judge on the case and decided to uphold the state law. The law was challenged in the supreme court on grounds that it conflicted with the the 13th and the 14th amendments. By a seven to one majority vote, the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine. It was the the seminal post-Reconstruction Supreme court decision that judicially validated state sponsored segregation in public facilities. In a misguided decision, the court ruled that blacks and whites could be separated in public life if the accommodations were equal.
Ferguson case was about how the slaves had to use a separate door, restroom, hotels, hospital and other public services to serve equal but separate accommodations for African Americans. This doctrine was making a step toward equality but yet it was still unfair that the Africans couldn't eat or do anything with the white people. In the sole dissent, Justice John Marshall Harlan -- a former slaveowner -- said the ruling would "stimulate aggressions, more or less brutal, upon the admitted rights of colored citizens.” ( full citation-Plessy vs. Ferguson, Judgement, Decided May 18, 1896; Records of the Supreme Court of the United States; Record Group 267; Plessy v. Ferguson, 163, #15248, National
For example, a man who was the lone dissenter, Justice John Marshall Harlan argued that constitution is colorblind because in the Civil Right citizens are equal each other even they are black or white. Not only that, Harland did not agree that legislature could not distinguish the race between people which involve civil right, he said that the justices did not deserved to hold the law when they were senseless. Despite Plessy and his lawyers provided all the argument about his case that him did not violation the law, they still could not change whatever the court decided about the Separate Car Act. The court showed that the Louisiana can process the law Separate Car Act.
Background For over half a century leading up to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), racial segregation had become commonplace in United States. This segregation was present not only in the schools, but many other public and private facilities as well. This legal policy and general acceptance of racial roles was upheld by court case Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896). This case endorsed the United States Constitutional doctrine of “separate but equal” justifying and permitted the racial segregation of public facilities. It was believed that “Separate but equal” did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution to the United States Constitution that guarantees equal protection of all United State’s
When Homer Adolph Plessy, who was one-eighth black, tested this law by taking a seat in the white-only section of a Louisiana Railway train, he was arrested. Plessy contended that the segregation law violated his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment (Newton, 2006). The case was appealed up to the U.S., Supreme Court in 1896. The Court ruled in a 7 – 1 vote upholding the Louisiana Statute, although associate justice John Marshall Harlan wrote a dissenting opinion. In his dissent, he wrote that “Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens…
Ferguson was a case of the Supreme Court in 1892 after passenger Homer Plessy traveled on the Louisiana railroad and refused to sit in a car for blacks only. Homer Plessy was brought before Judge John H. Ferguson to a Criminal Court in New Orleans to be trailed for refusing to follow the state law of Louisiana “separate but equal.” Such conflict challenged the violation of the 13th and 14th amendment where they ensure equality for recently emancipated slaves. They stated, “Separate facilities for blacks and whites satisfied the Fourteenth Amendment so long as they were equal.” “In the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races unsatisfactory to either.”
This case made the separate but equal doctrine constitutional in all public accommodations (Document 10). This “separate but equal” doctrine trickled into the education system, workforce and etc. From prior knowledge, it is fact that white people were paid more than African American people for doing the same job. Black children received separate educations from white children, in separate school buildings and in separate communities with less funding. Early Jim Crow laws originated in the Era of
This past October an intersex U.S. Navy veteran, Dana Zzyym, gained national attention after they were denied a passport. Zzyym identifies as neither male nor female, so they were denied the right to a passport after refusing to select a gender box on the application. After the denial Zzyym filed a federal discrimination lawsuit on the grounds that it is a constitutional violation to force an intersex person to select a gender box. Their argument is that gender, or lack of thereof, has nothing to do with travel, so why should it restrict or force people to declare a gender marker they do not identify as. Zzyym’s case finally brings to light how significant two little boxes can truly be, especially for those who live their lives outside
For nearly a century, the United States was occupied by the racial segregation of black and white people. The constitutionality of this “separation of humans into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life” had not been decided until a deliberate provocation to the law was made. The goal of this test was to have a mulatto, someone of mixed blood, defy the segregated train car law and raise a dispute on the fairness of being categorized as colored or not. This test went down in history as Plessy v. Ferguson, a planned challenge to the law during a period ruled by Jim Crow laws and the idea of “separate but equal” without equality for African Americans. This challenge forced the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of segregation, and in result of the case, caused the nation to have split opinions of support and
Plessy v. Ferguson, argued in 1896, stated that Homer Plessy violated the “Separate Car Act” when he sat in a “white” railway car. According to the government, this law still satisfied the pre-existing doctrine, “Separate But Equal” (Jim Crow Stories). The term “Separate but Equal” justified having separate facilities for different races, as long as both races had the same amount of amenities. According to the government, this did not contradict the 14th Amendment as both races were receiving “equal” access to what claimed to be “equal” services, though white facilities were often better kept than black ones. Plessy was arrested for refusing to get up from a seat reserved for white people, and over time, the controversial case made it to the Supreme Court (American History).
The Brown v. the Board of Education case was one that started the stone rolling towards the way schools are today. This case, led by Thurgood Marshall and Robert Carter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or the NAACP, was held in Topeka, Kansas in December of 1952. This essay is going to be summarizing the case, and cases like it and reviewing the steps until the decision was reached. The case between the Brown family and the Topeka Board of Education was first argued in December of 1952.
An important and impactful U.S. document, known as the Declaration of Independence states “ …that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people are like ordinary U.S. citizens and deserve the same freedoms. As of now, discrimination of a certain race being higher than another, is not the only problem. LGBT people around the U.S. are being harassed, discriminated, and freedoms and rights are being taken away. A person’s sexual orientation can force them to not eat at a particular restaurant, adopt a child, or even buy a simple wedding cake.
This shows that the only reason it was not allowed is because of change. Still past all of this, there are still more reasons why transgenders not being allowed into the military is absurd. The United States has the strongest military in the world above every other country, why should we limit ourselves to being strong. If we allow transgenders into the military our numbers will jump by the thousands.
We have laws that prevents discrimination, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. This law protects people from being discriminated against based on race, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age. Being transgender is under the category of sexual orientation, so by not allowing them the serve for our country is wrong. " Any American who wants to serve our country and is able to meet the standards should have the opportunity to do so" said by Republican Senator John McCain of Arizona, a former Navy pilot. If