In August 1947 after nearly 300 years rule under British Empire, India and Pakistan finally got their independence. However, it came with a price with the partition of Hindu majority India and Muslim majority Pakistan being separated into two countries. Pakistan was formed into West Pakistan and East Pakistan. East Pakistan later becoming independent and known as Bangladesh.
It is known as the biggest and greatest migration in the history of mankind. Millions of Muslim moved to Pakistan and Millions of Hindus and Sikhs left Pakistan for Inda.
During the British regime in India, the Muslims comprised of approximately 25% of the total population of the country. However, the racial discrimination between the Hindus and Muslims were getting
…show more content…
There was always danger of communal violence between the two religion groups. The idea was to keep these two groups away from each other to curb the religious differences. Even separate waters were allocated to the Hindus and Muslims while travelling, for instance, on train journeys. Intermarriage was strictly prohibited despite the two communities coexisting. India was at the eve of its freedom from the British rule and all set to create its own government and constitution. The Muslims were apprehensive of the fact that, through the implementation of such governance and constitution, the Hindus were actually attempting to constrain the lives of the Muslims. They were afraid that the Hindu Majority will severely interfere with the Muslim ways of living as dictated by the Quoran. In other words, they were almost sure that the Hindus will take away their social and religious freedom.
The Britishers who were the Rulers of India at that point in time were hurting after second World war and did not have enough resources to control the situation. However their policy of Divide and Rule was something they continued to purse despite having a messy and hasty exit from India. The British Rule in India had always been marked with brutal oppression and violent revolts. To say that they somehow managed to have a peaceful exit is mainly due to the tension created between the Hindus and
Once the BEIC had control over India, they reshaped the government to better suit their needs. For instance, the BEIC required that natives couldn’t serve in “civil administration till they become Christian,” seeing that “no civil or military servant in India rises to a position of real influence or distinction.” (Document 15) Before the BEIC, India’s government was self-sufficient and flourishing. Laws were passed in response to problems that people were encountering, with the well-being of the people as the key objective. The BEIC was not taking into account the natives.
Most of the governmental systems didn’t help the indians in fact the things Britain put into place for india only made india profitable for britain. While the British believed that they helped India by setting up a government and military system India disagreed. In fact, they believed that britain caused problems in the Indian way of life. An example of this is british imperial rule established the framework for India 's justice system (Lalvani).
They made many changes within the country; Dadabhai Naoroji praises them about in his speech to the London audience in document 18.3. He refers to how the British abolished the religious practice of Sati(when a widow burns herself at her husband's funeral), educated both male and female, gave freedom of rights, and the security of life and prosperity to the people of India. When looking from a British point of view these seem like modern improvements but, actually these were the norms and culture of India. Which Britain had no right to impair. I oppose the harmful, unequal practices, although I believe that India was developed enough to abolish the practices themselve.
It took more than 200 years for India to shake the oppressive rule of the British. Britain seized control of Indian territory until they controlled the whole sub-continent. At first india was treasured by the British more for its potential rather than its actual profit. Its 300 million people were also a large potential market for British made products. Although Britain created sound law against killing, economic opportunities and health related advancements they caused more harm than good.
The British rulers of India helped settle 500 million diverse peoples with different religions all over India during their rulership, providing stronger communities held together by values of religion (Paragraph 6). However, the people of India were given little to no responsibility of themselves and their own nation (Document 1). Meaning the British also created a great divide of the native people and the British imperialists get to dictate what taxes and laws exist, all of which to only better the lives of themselves and did not pertain to the basic human needs for the people who actually lived in India. Paragraph 12 shows that the British did bring several different states of India into one unified nation to help establish an effective justice system, civil service, loyal army, and efficient police force to protect the people of India. On the other hand, document 2 shows that the Indians had no say in the taxes they had to pay to the British or how they spent their money as a nation.
After the subcontinent of India was freed from their colonizers at the end of World War II, it was split into two independent states: the Hindu dominated India, and Muslim dominated Pakistan. These religious affiliations created tensions and conflict within the subcontinent. Bal Thackery, the Indian founder of a Hindu nationalist organization, was quoted saying, “When Pakistan wins a cricket match and my country is defeated, why should Indian Muslims celebrate?” (Document 9). Members of the Indian subcontinent often held stronger ties with those of their same religion, rather than country.
Britain brought to India things such as railroads, canals, railways, and telegraphs and allowed for the establishment of schools for the people (Doc1). Another good thing the British did for India was the wave of peace and the fact that they helped politically and maintained order (Doc2). On the same hand, the British also introduced Western education and brought ideas of modernization in every aspect; they introduced courts of justice and
The Marāthās, in particular, became so enraged that they eventually gained their independence from the Mughals and established their own empire,” (Gale). The departure of the Marāthās proves the lack of religious tolerance the Mughals had at times. The Marāthās were so enraged at the lack of acceptance that they left the empire rendering it smaller and weaker. This is just one example of the Mughals not only only neglecting to practice religious tolerance, but how refusing to accept all people for their beliefs backfired in the empire’s overall growth and unity.
Mali was an Islamic kingdom during the Middle Ages in West Africa. This was caused by Principle of Culture 9 (“Culture is changed by inside and outside forces.”) This was because outside forces or traders would come to trade and tell them about Islamic ways. An inside force that changed them was a king named Mansa Musa who was the first king to push Islam and its culture in Mali. Mali was Islamic because the people of Mali valued the religion and Mali was influenced by Islamic architecture and arts.
Muslims still felt less important than the Hindus fearing Muslim interests wouldn’t be protected by the mainly Hindu congress. In conclusion for Dr. Lalvani to say that the British over all helped and positively impacted India completely disregards the fact that Indians had to go through so much loss and pain through struggles and challenges that India has to go through
Through the East India Company, Britain also came to control India. Through the course of the 19th century, the British government ruled India, known as the British Raj. During this time, the people of India began to revolt. One example being the Sepoy Rebellion was due to Sepoys unhappiness with the pay inequality compared to British soldiers as well as the suspicion of rifle cartridges with animal fats, which conflicted their religion. Despite the thousands of killed Sepoys, the Sepoy Rebellion opened a new council for Indians in government and removed the East India Company.
They gave them no say in their taxation at all. Britain rule was bad because it made the Indians extremely poor and left them with no money for food. It also impacted India in a negative way because all their soil for farming was destroyed and they also built railroads right in the middle of the towns. These railroads were used to benefit Britain because it made shipping materials and trade easier for them. Lastly, British rule caused lots of deaths from famine.
The British first came to India not only because of the abundance of raw materials, but also the mass potential they seen. The British East India Company, took advantage of the collapsing Mughal Empire, and broke away from their control to flourished their company. In 1857 the Sepoy army rebelled and that caused the British to come in guns blazing and take over the country. The British rule demolished India through, taxation on anything made in India, and the exportation of raw materials, which caused a plentiful amount of famine,and throughout all of this, the British kept most on India uneducated, and those they did educate, most were forced to become interpreters for the benefits it would make in taking over India and keeping the British in control. Political Paragraph British imperialism had a negative effect on the politics of India because of the corrupt justice system, and the utter lack of respect that killed masses of innocent people.
British India was partitioned into two independent states i.e. Pakistan and India in 1947. The idea behind the creation of Pakistan is to have a home for the Muslims of South Asia. As Pakistan is an Islamic country by the constitution and in contrast India is a secular country. Paksitan and India were founded
INTRODUCTION Geo Politics is defined as the impact created by a country on other neighbouring countries due to its Geopolitical position. This impact also affects the politics of the region as a whole. Pakistan is at a location which is of great importance in political ,strategic and economic sectors. It has been centre of activities of great powers since the start and has witnessed intervention of three great powers i.e Britain, USSR, and USA. Pakistan is located in Southern Asia and shares border with four countries which include India, Afghanistan, China and Iran all of which are of great importance in the international politics and play a major role in it.