SUMMARY : “ THE DISCIPLINARY DILEMMA OF TOURISM STUDIES”
According to a 1997 article in the Echtner and Jamal, “ The Disciplinary Dilemma of Tourism Studies”, there are about of study of tourism include diverse range of disciplines. From the introduction, the author have cites many of author like Smith( 1989), Jafari and Ritchie (1981), Sheldon (1990) and Pearce (1993). The authors are described what is tourism all about and different perspective point of view about Tourism Industry.
The definition of tourism may only focus on the tourism itself without combined with other approaches. Pearce argument about the area of tourism should more wide and choose from many of sources not stick only to one source. This article purposely to inspect on tourism studies and encourage enhance to improving this field. The author also believes the term of tourism studies is wider that existing term. Researcher makes an argument on this article to give the evidence of this research.
Although the many journalist analysis about an issues and appropriate approach consideration on tourism studies, Jovicic ( 1988) make an appeal in enhance establishment of “tourismology” and disagree about only focused to one actual phenomena. Instead of that Jovicic mention about one of approach for evolution of tourism studies is assimilation theory of tourism that compounds all experiences. Plus, according to Jovicic the study of tourism must divide not only depend on entirely tourism industry, if not there
The travel and tourism industry can be affected in the wake of terrorist events both domestically and abroad. In this research, we will learn more about the industry and how it is impacted following acts of terrorism. Tourism is one of the largest sectors in the world; it is also one of the first to take a hit when terrorist attacks happen. Terrorism data has become more important to the tourism and travel industry since the attacks on September 11, 2001. This study looks at the impact that terrorism has on tourism levels.
The main concept is to provide number of quality services to the tourists, who planned their trip through a travel and tourism firm. There are number of services that tourists are eligible and bound to receive as they had spend money while travelling from one place to another. Tourism is the industry in which passenger contacts their tour operator to get what he/she dreams of for their holiday. Travelers at the end of the day go on a vacation to relax and to have a good time. Every airline, railway company or travel agency emphasize a strong customer service as to those who get service are more likely to return for their future travel arrangements.
IDENTIFY AND RESEARCH A TOURISM ATTRACTION Introduction Tourism has experienced continued growth and extensive diversification and competition on the last decades, becoming one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world and by consequence, one of the main income sources for many developing countries. “Every time we travel we are part of a global movement that has the power to drive inclusive development, to create jobs and to build the sustainable societies we want for our future,” says the actual UNWTO¹ Secretary General, Taleb Rifai. “This movement also contributes to build mutual understanding and to safeguard our shared natural and cultural heritage,” he completes. A sustainable and responsible approach to tourism means that neither the natural environment nor the socio-cultural organisation of the host communities would be compromised by the arrival of tourists.
It is difficult to separate the influence of tourism from other factors which induce cultural change but, nevertheless, it is generally accepted that tourism can accelerate this process this process, largely through what is known as
Significant developments in the transportation facilities, inventions and innovations in the field of communication, ll}.ying of a strong foundation for industrialisation and urbanisation and further development of tourism as an industry paved ways for the development of hotels and motels. Besides, the growing significance of foreign trade, internationalisation of culture and civilisation and the need for setting the foreign exchange balance became instrumental in the organised development of classified and unclassified hotels. The officials on deputation, the business dons on trade promotion mission, the foreign representatives on peace mission, the domestic or foreign tourists interested in visiting a place for pleasure or for enriching their knowledge bank can't perform; if we don't work towards the development of hotels, motels, restaurants and cafeterias. The fact cannot be denied that the world of the hospitality industry has witnessed'multidimensional transformation from traditional to the modern age, In the past, the hospitality was due to religious and superstitious
The above description do set the scene part for this essay on the tourist behaviour and it is the main initial point for the final description of the topic which is to be shaped further. To completely understand the tourist behaviour, it requires searching out the individual experiences and the motivations of travelling. There are many of the researches and studies one in past by the great authors and researchers on the individual experiences and their motivations of travelling. The tourist behaviour in recent past has been studied with great efforts and many of the conclusions had been drawn regarding the crucial factors which do have an impact on the decision making of the tourist’s. There is a great risk involved in the process of destinations decision making.
Tourism is a growth industry very rapidly now. With the rapid development of technology that also acts as a support person easily reach the distance around the world in shorter lead times and relatively safer. The most rapid growth in the global tourism industry provides benefits as well as challenges for the state government. Expressed simply, sustainable tourism can be defined as: "Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities" (UNWTO, 2012). Tourism is one thing that is so important to Indonesia.
The tourism business today has been perceived as a worldwide industry, with makers and customers spread far and wide. The utilisation of tourism facilities is no more considered an extravagance. For some individuals, these services have turn into a basic part of their way of life. Also, in the most recent two decades, interest for supply of hospitality services past that of conventional services proposed for voyagers have raised the development of the neighbourliness business all around, prompting extraordinary rivalry in the commercial center. As indicated by examination, one of the best difficulties confronting tourism associations today is the regularly developing volume and pace of rivalry.
The definition of the word “Tourism” is different source by source, person by person. There is no specific definition for it. Each institution defines “Tourism” in a varied way. Firstly, tourism is related to several groups which involving in or are affected by tourism industry. Their perceptions are crucial to the development for the definition of tourism.
Over the past few decades, tourism has experienced the sustained growth and deepening diversification to become one of the fastest growing economic sectors over the world. Nowadays, the business volume of tourism can be said to be equals to or even surpasses the business volume of food products, automobiles or oil exports. Tourism plays an important role in almost every country due to it has a greater impact on the development of country economy. The main benefits of tourism are creating extra money for national income and creating more career opportunities for locals. One of the easiest benefits to determine is the career opportunities that the tourism brings.
Tourism meets both of these forces by provided that outlet for avoiding the job, family and the tourist responsibilities and providing great moment, learning, and relaxation at the same time. Most of the research determine motivational factors for a traveler used Iso Ahola model because of the main elements of the model which is escape and seeking can be combined depending on the particular situation and tourists ’goals. It is important to understand human behavior and Iso Ahola forces because, in the hospitality industry, the satisfaction of the tourist is important in order to gain their loyalty in this industry. Word-of-mouth is important because when the tourist spread positive feedback, then it is easy to attract more people and increase the level of loyalty among the
Chapter 6: What are the consequences, for your type of tourism, regarding the 3Ps? This chapter discusses the definition of the 3 P's and how they apply to voluntourism People, planet, profit. Three levels of Sustainability by Cavagnaro & Curiel, (2012) ♣ People Zhao and Ritchie, (2007) describe the fact that local residents and destinations can benefit from the volunteers who stay with and work. with things like restoring old buildings, or building important living needs. But a destination can also make profit of the point that the volunteers are spending money in the local villages.
Tourism can be considered one of the most significant economic and social phenomena of the twentieth and twenty-first century. The evolving of the tourist’s behavior has triggered a series of changes in the way of operating the tourism businesses. From traditional travel agencies, hotels and airlines up to the online tour operators. All tour operators have had to adapt to the changes of the individual as a traveler and this has led to continuous development of strategies by the agents.
The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest commercial sector industry. (TG Journal, 2008). Tourism industry is one of the most dynamic and competitive industry in the globe. Customers’ needs and satisfaction keeps changing and tourism study should able to balance those changing aspects or trends of the customers to adapt as the business industry. Tourists travelling to their destinations demands certain services and facilities such as food and accommodation, transportation, communication, security, entertainment, etc.
The concept brings proofs on how people spend their time, in which areas and for which purposes. (Nash, 1960, cited in Morgan…). As the people spend their time on different activities, one of those activities is tourism. As well as leisure, tourism has many definitions; we will use one of those which reflect main idea. Tourism is a