Background of present Study Criminal activities exist in almost all the regions of the United States of America. These realities have led to the government as well as local governments to develop strategies of reducing crimes within the country. There are number of factors that lead to poverty within a given society. A person’s social economic status has an impact on their status of poverty as well as their ability to rise from the condition (Schneider, 2007). While illustrating poverty in the USA researchers needs to look at the economic status, Race, marital status, level of education and the criminal history of individuals. The most contributors to poverty in the country is race. A closer look at the United States of America reveals that people still live in segregated neighborhoods within states. A majority of the people in prisons and correctional facilities come from minority …show more content…
Dependent variable The dependent variable in the study is Crime levels. The study reveals the relationship of poverty on crime levels within the American society.
Research Design This study will concentrate on the effects of poverty and the rate of crime within the American society. It lays emphasis of government policies and implication of race towards crime.
Literature
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Some of the policies include increasing the amount of fines and other charges to offenders. This has led to stereotyping of race since Blacks and Latinos due to their poverty levels fills most of the spaces in prisons. The correlation between poverty and crime relates to the arguments that people who do not have much would want to take from those who have. It is unfair to associate poor people with crime but it is also true that crime levels are higher in places with low-income earners (Nebbitt et al
Which in turn leads to the Mass incarceration of these poorer communities (African Americans). After going through the penal system these people are then legally allowed to be discriminated upon, leaving them without housing, jobs, work, or simply a voice in society. Which ultimately leaves these people oppressed and exiled from society. The oppression of African Americans is very prominent, whether it is obviously blatant actions from governors and signs or a complex structural system that traps these people in a
They also found that a greater numbers of black relatives to whites increased black female conviction rates. In addition to that the number of families receiving welfare also vastly increased the male conviction rate. The author found that being white poor women significantly increased the likelihood of
To expand my research to attain the goal of understanding specification of both explanations, The southern subculture of violence theory blames higher crime rates in the South on “cultural values that evolved from that region’s unique history” (Ousey, 2000:268). All cultural explanations are based on the social learning approach, which holds that criminality is learned through intimate interactions with others. Another example is that capital punishment is highest in the South. The economic deprivation explanation to differences of crime rates within regions of the country is synonymous with strain theories.
In the study “Racial and Class Divergence in Public Attitudes and Perception About Poverty in USA: An Empirical Study,” professor Francis O. Adeola analyzes existing data to determine if people themselves or a structural influence causes poverty (Adeola 56). Building upon the idea of structural poverty, Adeola contends “poverty rates tend to persist in the same neighborhood over many years” (61). For the other Wes Moore, this neighborhood was the Murphy Project Homes: one of the most dangerous places in Baltimore (Moore 18). Furthermore, he examines how “[t]he poor form a unique subculture,” reinforcing aspects of poverty (Adeola 61). The subculture that surrounded the other Wes Moore included the normalization of the presence of drugs and
Findings have identified the important changes and continuum in understanding imprisonment in the United States. Race was and still has remained a critical predictor of higher incarceration. Findings have also implied that the relationship between violent crime and incarceration became more important as violent crime had increased in 1980 and 1990 however it declined around1970, and no longer was powerful as crime declined by 2000. Attitudes on African Americans and crime regardless of crime decreasing still remained relatively the same. Even though the drop of offending amongst blacks the size of the black population continued to produce as a proxy for real offending.
The education children receive in predominantly black neighborhoods is often sub-par, with high dropout rates. Subsequently 65% of state inmates have not completed high school. Another major issue is job opportunities; in major cities with a high black population the ability to obtain and keep a decent paying job is difficult and therefore crime is one of the only solutions. More than 50% of inmates earned less than $10,000 a year, were unemployed, or part time (8E p. 17). The close correlation between black Americans and crime is explained as
Many factors of the crack epidemic influenced the crime drop. First, the “precipitous rise in crack cocaine in the mid-to-late 1980s in America” made violence and crime increase drastically (Baumer and Wolff, 2014, p. 21). Since crime shot up, it made statistics seem to drop even more in the 1990s, especially for homicides, as stated by Levitt (2004). The shift from young people to a “graying” society is another point at which Baumer, Wolff and Levitt can all agree could be a cause for the crime drop of the 1990s (Baumer and Wolff, 2014, p. 20).
Research Paper Draft Over the last past decades, the rate of incarcerations for minority has risen at an unprecedented rate (Warren, Gelb, Horowitz & Riordan, 2008).Criminals of difference races, sexes, or socioeconomic status receive different sentences for same crimes. The United States now incarcerates more than 1 out of 100 American adults. The United States holds the record for both prison population size and percentage of citizens in prison (Warren, Gelb, Horowitz & Riordan, 2008). American prisons do have a disparate number of minority inmates in their populations.
Families that are poor or have a low income are more likely to commit crimes for the purpose of their own needs to survive. “It is a fact that neighborhoods where the poor are concentrated are more prone to high crime rates, and poor residents are the most common victims of crimes” (1). The best explanation for this is that poorer people have the same needs as a regular middle-class citizen. The poor citizens need certain things to help him or her live a healthy life, such as healthcare, food stamps, and more employment options. One may argue that healthcare is too expensive and that food stamps have been taken away from many people.
Louisiana has the highest incarceration rate in the world. Nearly 1 in 75 adults in Louisiana is in jail or prison, which is double the national average.4 Even though this state has the highest incarnation rate in the world, there has not been evidence of a substantially lower crime rate. By 2013, there were 40,000 prisoners in Louisiana, yet the increase in incarceration over the years had almost no effect on reducing crime.4 Throughout the years America has noticed crime drops and has since took note of the factors that had an effect on the
III. Prison system affects poverty ● America 's prison system is increasing the poverty in The United states. According to “Out of prison and out of work: Jobs out of reach for former inmates” an article by published by CNN, written by Tanzina Vega the united states has 5 percent of the world 's population but 25 percent of its prison population. A large part of this is due to unemployment. As can be seen in an article published by VICE named “Why Is Getting a Job After Prison Still Such a Nightmare for Ex-Cons?”.
In a “post-racial” society, the notion of race becomes irrelevant in the regular intercourse of society. However, race still plays a major in modern society even though suggests that race should be part of the past. This inability to recognize race in the regular intercourse of life creates an inability to recognize the faults of institutions – including the police and legal system – that perpetuate structural disadvantages for people of color. Michelle Alexanders shines a light on these disadvantages that occurred as a result of race and continued to be seen today in a “post-racial society.” By turning a blind eye to race, the legal system, police system, and government can take advantage of communities of color.
The United States prides itself on being a country of opportunities where the underprivileged can rise up and everyone is treated equally, but is that really the case? In reality the income of an individual gives them advantages of going above the system. The sociological explanation of the influence of the wealthy over the criminal justice system is described in the of the Pyrrhic defeat theory written in Jeffrey Reiman and Paul Leighton book The Rich Get Richer and the Poor get Prison Ideology, class and Criminal Justice. The Pyrrhic defeat theory emphasizes the failure of the criminal justice is the consequence of success for those in power, who are taking advantage of the system.
The initial impact from socioeconomic status begins through the influence of an individual’s community and resources provided to nourish the well-being of the person. However, when a strong community or welfare is absent, the prosperity of the individual often declines. In the Journal of Economic Issues, Theodore Chiricos notes “...that poor individuals from juveniles to adults are more likely to be arrested and charged than middle and upper-income individuals (41-52)” (Chiricos 519). Communities with little access to substantial resources for intolerance against neglect of the law encourages disobedience to authority.
Poverty’s effects on crime can be explained through a variety of reasons. There is a higher rate of mental illness among the poor than the rich. Poverty can lead to high levels of stress, which in turn drive individuals to commit theft, robbery or other violent acts. Moreover, poverty may lead to actual or perceived inferior education. Youth with less access to quality schools, jobs, and role models and opportunities end up spending time on the streets associating with gangs.