Causes Of Sex Trafficking In Singapore
Sex trafficking is one form of human trafficking. According to Soroptimist, sex trafficking is defined as “the exploitation of women and children, within national or across international borders, for the purposes of forced sex work”. [1] According to Hagar, the victims of sex trafficking in Singapore are usually women and young girls of low economic status who came from countries in the Asian region. [2]
Recruitment
Firstly, traffickers show love and affection to manipulate the victim and often target girls aged from 12 to 14. This method requires the trafficker to gain trust and get into a relationship with the victim. [5,3] After that, he convinces her and tricks her into sex trafficking. Sometimes, the relationship turns emotionally and
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Mr Christopher de Souza with the support of the Taskforce led the passing of the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act (PHTA) which came into effect in 2015 to combat human trafficking.
The penalties reflect the seriousness of the crime which includes first-time offenders facing up to 10 years of jail, a fine of up to S$100,000 and/or six strokes of the cane.
Singapore has been using a 4P strategy to tackle the issue. Firstly, prevention by raising awareness through campaigns and national broadsheets. In addition, government officials and stakeholders were trained to identify and deal with Trafficking in Persons (TIP) cases. Secondly, prosecution of offenders by the passing of the PHTA and reviewing legislations to deter potential
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Lastly, Singapore partnering with other countries case investigation and conducted study visits to learn best practices in managing TIP cases. [8]
International laws, policies, and conventions
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 is the foundation of Federal human trafficking legislation. The law promotes a policy of “3 Ps” which are prevention, protection, and prosecution.
The TVPA was reauthorized through the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003, 2005, 2008, and 2013 which establish several new strategies and programs to improve the act. According to Polaris, the TVPA protects victims and survivors by establishing the T visa, which allows them, and their families to become temporary U.S. residents and entitled to become permanent residents after three years. [9]
Conclusion
According to Hagar, there is an increase of trafficking victims of more than 50 percent jump from 2015 to 2016 and this clearly shows that sex trafficking has not been well managed in Singapore. After reading several articles on gaps on the PHTA, I agree that victims should be given the rights to work even if they might have committed illegal work as they were threatened or even forced to perform the work.
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