The Enlightenment: The History Of Special Education

The creation of numerous institutions that were designed to help individuals transform into free, moral citizens that would conduct services needed. During the 1830 's and 1840 's, Americans constructed jails for criminals, asylums for the mentally ill, and orphanages for underage children. The reason these places were built were to cure the "social ills" and eliminate them by placing certain individuals in an environment where their flawed character would be manipulated and transformed. Before the Civil War the most important building effort was the movement to create common schools that would be open to all children. During the early nineteenth century, almost all children were educated in local schools, private academies, or just at home.

In “An Argument On The Ethical Position of Slavery”, he touched down on the subject by saying, “ He attended Yale University at the age of fourteen in 1805 and graduated five years later at the age of nineteen. He studied mathematics, religious philosophy, and science of horses. He got money by painting portraits. While he was at Yale, he was also attentive at Benjamin Silliman and Jeremiah Days classes on electricity, though he still only cared for art. When he got home in 1810, his father wanted him to go on to be a book writer, so he encouraged Samuel to be a booksellers apprentice, but later changed his mind and allowed Samuel to go to London to continue studying art.

Edward Miner Gallaudet (1837-1917) Edward Miner Gallaudet was born on February, 5, 1837 in Hartford, Connecticut. He was the youngest of eight children to Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Sophia Fowler. Edward and his family are known for their efforts in the education for the deaf in the United States. In some cases their efforts were seen as actions of lunatics because popular belief was that all deaf people could never be as smart as hearing people. Following his father’s footsteps, Edward Miner Gallaudet worked as an educator and administrator for the first higher institute for higher education deaf, Gallaudet University, which he helped established and named in honor of his father.

The first successful application of IVF in humans took place almost a century later on July 25, 1978, when Louise Brown was born and entitled the world 's first “test-tube baby” (Lerner). This procedure’s purpose is to switch out genes for more preferred ones, especially to improve the health of the child. Genetic engineering could permit selection of desired physical and pleasurable traits for non-medical reasons, which has created concern in some people. The process of switching out the genes of a fetus to install genes that are more preferred has brought up debate about whether or not parents should be able to alter their babies genes to make them more appealing to the parents interests. There are many different ways of looking at this procedure and in contrast to other scientific procedures it can be for greater good or for unnecessary enhancement that could potentially create problems in society.

DuBois impacted black education with his spread of his ideas to help equalize education between all races. Du Bois thought scholarships could promote racial equality and promoted that idea by writing numerous books and articles including Black Reconstruction in America in 1935. His doctoral thesis, "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in America," became the first book published by Harvard University Press in 1896. Before the end of the 19th century, DuBois taught at the University of Pennsylvania and Atlanta University. During this period of his endeavor in black education, he became the first scholar to regularly study African American urban life.

When children aren’t successful at reading from early on, they’re at a substantially higher risk of being unable to read at grade level (Campbell et al., 2008). Multisensory Instruction in Education Multisensory instruction started in the 1920’s originating from neuropsychiatrist and pathologist, Dr. Samuel Orton’s search to find instructional methods that would aid in helping students with dyslexia learn. Orton partnered with educator and psychologist, Anna Gillingham to start planning a teaching approach intended to provide assistance to students struggling

The short story, “The Scarlet Ibis,” was written by the author, James Hurst. The main character was six years old when he became a brother. His new brother, Doodle, was expected to die, but he ended up living and was disabled his entire life. The main character was unaccepting of Doodle’s disabilities, and attempted to train Doodle to be a fully capable child. The author uses imagery and foreshadowing to reveal Doodle’s sensitive and servile nature.

He believed that if a man is educated he will be able to follow the new and judge the best way to vote. Jefferson thought that if he could provide equal education, children would understand to “to work out their own greatest happiness, by showing them that it does not depend on the condition of life in which chance has placed them, but is always the result of a good conscience, good health, occupation, and freedom in all just pursuits.” –Thomas Jefferson 5. How did Horace Mann impact the development of public education in the United States? Horace Mann, was the gentlemen to start the common school movement. This movement was believed that common schooling would benefit all.

Yesterday I learned that Ray Bradbury grew up rather poor. I also learned that Bradbury was not your typical boy. I believe that Bradbury put this quote in Fahrenheit 451 because he was different himself. In the first essay it states that he was born into family that once included a seventeenth-century Salem woman tried for witchcraft. It also describes the place where he wrote Fahrenheit 451.

The novel of Laurent Clerc: The story of his early years is about how Laurent Clerc the “Apostle to the Deaf in the New World”(Carroll 171) became educated and led to the creation of a school for the deaf in America. Laurent was born to a wealthy family in La Balme, France. He was grew up during the French Revolution, while the Directory was in charge. His parents throughout his young life tried to cure him of his deafness by having many doctors examine him and do painful procedures with no success. Eventually his parents sent him away to The Royal National Institute for the Deaf in Paris, or St. Jacques.

It all began in 1856 when Amos Kendall became the guardian of some blind and deaf children who were not properly cared for. He set up a school and house for them, and then Edward Gallaudet took on from there as the school superintendent. The next year, Congress permitted the school to start. It was called The Columbia Institution for the Deaf and the Dumb and the Blind. Congress paid the tuition costs for students who lived in the District of Columbia.

During the mid-1800s, Mann developed and implemented written exams and used Boston Public School as his testing site. Carole J. Gallagher wrote about the history of standardized tests in a 2003 paper for Education Psychology Review, which included Mann’s goal to seek and reproduce better teaching strategies which enables all children to have a level playing ground. Mann believed children should use written test to demonstrate what they have learned and hold schools accountable. The goal was to obtain evidence regarding the ability to teach, quality of teaching and the education system in urban schools. His test revealed children had wide gaps of knowledge.

Also, he funded for establishing a hospital for the mentally disabled and proper schools for the blind and deaf. He paid off state debt that would later on be used to finance schools and colleges, and also encouraged railroad construction through state loans devoted to every mile of new track laid. In 1856, a newly discovered river in West Texas was named after him. It was properly named “Pease River” by Surveyor Jacob De Cordova of the Galveston, Henderson, and Houston Railroad Company. In 1856, thanks to Governor Pease, the Texas Governor’s

In 1830, Gallaudent retired from ASD and in 1850 Clerc out from the school and end his taught at the ASD. In 1863, The American School for the Deaf had been established increase Twenty- two branches in the United States. Before 1880 Gallaudent’s son name Edward, he was a person who establish Gallaudet College and he also can use ASL same as use English Language. When 1880 come a new teaching method call oralism that focus on teaching how use speak and lip read with no sign languages. In 1960, ASL was became an official Language and still grow.

As a child William mother gave him away to a white ink manufacturer who advocated the abolitionist and temperance movement. This white family known as the Williston’s of Northampton, Massachusetts raised William. William attended Oberlin College and after graduation he spent his life campaigning for the rights of African Americans. Furthermore, William became a secretary of the National Negro Convention in