The Fight For Equal Rights: Brown V. Blakk

To guarantee their spot in the school. Alan took the school to court saying that he should be able to take a spot, and that it was wrong to reject someone with good grades just because of reserving spots for minorities. Bakke fought with the school to get a spot, the court then took the action: "The California Supreme Court ruled in favor of his equal protection claim declaring that the admissions program was unlawful and enjoined the School from considering the race of an applicant. The judgment was affirmed in part and reversed in part" (Casebriefs). His case was later approved, and he received a spot in the

As a result of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, The United States legislators wrote the Southern Manifesto in 1956. They believed that the final result of Brown v. Board of Education, which stated that separate school facilities for black and white children were fundamentally unequal, was an abuse of the judicial power. The Southern Manifesto called for the exhaust of all the lawful things they can do in order to stop all the confusion that would come from school desegregation. The Manifesto also stated that the 10th Amendment of the US Constitution should limit the power of the Supreme Court when it comes to these types of issues. 2.

SUMMARY In this landmark case Allan Bakke, a white applicant to the University of California, Davis Medical School, sued claiming his denial of admission on racial grounds was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The standing rule at the time was that race may be a factor in determining admission to educational institutions; however it cannot be the sole determining factor. FACTS OF THE CASE The University of California, Davis Medical School had been reserving 16 spots in each class out of 100 for disadvantaged minorities. Allan Bakke was a more qualified applicant compared to some of the other students admitted under the special admissions policy. Comparatively his is race was the only distinguishing characteristic.

Brown v. Board of Education overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, where the Supreme Court ruled in favour of stopping segregation of students in public schools. At first, it would have created a stir, since many parents and students were uncomfortable with the change. However, one can only imagine how important this was for the desegregation. Children would play, learn and live together seeing that the only difference between them were the colour of their skin. This in turn would create a new generation of grownups who wouldn’t alienate other people because of their looks.

In the Plessy vs Ferguson case in 1896, a law was passed that allowed racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal in black and white schools. A single suit was brought together to be taken to the Supreme Court in 1954 to argue the fact that black schooling was evidently under resourced and of a far lower quality than that of white schooling, proving them to be inferior and unequal. In the case of Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, the segregation of school facilities was overturned. Although segregated school was now deemed illegal, certain people did not comply with the ruling. In Little Rock, Arkansas (1957), nine black students were accompanied by state troops to their first day at Central High School, a previously all-white institution.

Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson is a well known case in the fight against discrimination. Plessy v. Ferguson was a case involving segregation and racial discrimination. During segregation there were many ways blacks and whites were separated and one was on public transportation like trains and buses. Homer Plessy refused to move from his seat on a train after explaining to the conductor that he was only partially black, and after being arrested his lawyers tried to prove that his rights as an American citizen had been violated. The trial of Plessy v. Ferguson took place during segregation, the trial and court decisions had some effects on segregation and racial equality.

They were suspended for protesting. The wore black armbands in a protest against the government policies during the Vietnam war. The Tinkers tries to fight the suspension with the district court but the district court was in favor with the school so the Thinkers had to take it further. The next step was to take it to the supreme court. The tinkers took it to the Supreme court and the majority vote wat that it was unconstitutional for the school to

Kennedy’s Christmas Truce proposal. The school officials discovered their plan and decided to create a preemptive ban where armbands weren’t allowed; any student who was not in compliance with the rule would be suspended and not allowed back until they agreed to abide by the dress code. The Tinkers and Eckhardt decided to violate the policy and were subsequently suspended (“Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District”), so their parents filed a lawsuit on their behalf and were represented by the American Civil Liberties Union (Tinker v. Des Moines). The Tinker party felt as though the Des Moines School District was violated the Tinkers’ and Eckhardt’s right to freedom of speech (through their expressive clothing) and did not deserve punishment for their actions. The school board believed the protest was potentially distracting and disruptive to the schools’ environments (Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District).

In brown v. Board the courts ruled that the Plessy decision was unconstitutional when it came to education because the segregation of students in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. Consequently, this ruling received a lot of backlash and opposition. In the February and March of 1956, the United States Congress wrote the southern manifesto in opposition to racial integration of public facilities with the entire purpose of the document being to specifically to counter the

The whites feared mixing of the race which is the Mongrel Race; because they were afraid the white race would be diluted. So, they did everything keep blacks at the bottom. The Southern states reacted by creating and enforcing Jim Crow laws. The Jim Crow was a system created as a segregation of colored people and white people, but mainly focusing on blacks. These laws existed because of the idea of being superior (Ferris State University, 2012).

Before this case, people of the black community couldn 't go to college and they would settle for inferior. They weren 't even allowed to be interviewed for college as they were viewed as inferior as the titles they carried. Allan Bakke wanted to go medical school, but that was pretty difficult considering they didn 't even begin to consider letting him in. He filed a suit after his shocking revelation and the Supreme Court ordered the college to let him in, after which the college appealed to the court. The court accepted and the verdict came to this:" In Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that a university 's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but a school 's use of "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances."

Supreme Court decided that Brown vs. Board of Education would win the case because the racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and, according to the fourteenth amendment, violated the Equal Protection Clause. This decision to desegregate schools in 1954 really impacted the country as whole. Reactions from this case were very powerful; some states shut down schools and many protests arose in an attempt to rebel against the decision. Even though the actual desegregation of public schools did not happen immediately, I believe this decision was just and really led the country in the right direction. This Supreme Court landmark judgement truly made progress towards an equal society and ultimately changed the countries social and national policies.

Segregation led to whites and blacks not being able to marry. The state argued that they couldn 't take away the right to marry because of their race. The fact that Virginia only prohibited marriage between whites and blacks is proof that thus alone caused the discrimination. Finally, J. Stewart argued that this state law wasn 't valid, which causes the act of discrimination. Many Supreme Court cases have experienced this, and has had the biggest impact on Civil Rights and Equality: Dred Scott vs. Sanford, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Loving v. Virginia.

The Court 's language incorporated some of the main points argued by African Americans, that segregation "generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be undone. "” (Pbs.org, 1). Justice Earl Warren helped to desegregate schools and give the civil rights movement a much needed boost of confidence. Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy and opened many doors for African American

when it came to their rights as citizens and treatment in society compared to whites. Segregation of blacks from whites in public spaces such as schools was protected under the law. In 1954, the supreme court overruled the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision which allowed for segregation of schools often referred to as “separate but equal”, this decision was called Brown vs. Board of education. It ruled that separation of educational facilities was unconstitutional and put black student at a disadvantage socially and educationally. This decision being made was largely due to the young black student’s fierce protest against the injustice.