Gout is a condition where the joints in the hands or feet become inflamed, resulting in painful swelling and redness of the skin. It is caused by uric acid in the bloodstream which accumulates and crystallises around the joints and the tissues surrounding them which causes pain to the patient. These crystals form due to the absence of the enzyme uricase in the human body, which catalyses prevents crystallisation by converting uric acid to the more soluble allantoin . If left untreated, irreversible damage can be done to the joints such as the deterioration of cartilage and bones which results in restricted movement of the affected area.
Gout occurs in four main stages . The first stage is asymptomatic hyperuricaemia where levels of uric acid
Task 8.1b- disorders and dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis. It is an incurable condition which affects your joints. The surface within the joints become joints become damaged which stops the joints moving smoothly. [1] The symptoms of this are: o Pain and stiffness o Swelling o Not being able to move the joint normally o A grating/grinding feeling
Introduction The purpose of this lab was to use chemical and physical tests to identify indicators of disease in synthetic urine samples. This lab tested samples for protein levels, glucose levels, and pH levels. In a normally functioning individual, proteins cannot pass through the glomerulus; therefore proteins should not be found in urine. However, in the nephrons of individuals with Bright’s Disease, the glomerulus no longer stops all proteins from entering the urine (Giuseppe et al., 2002, pp.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Henoch-Schonlein purpura is inflammation of the blood vessels. This causes a rash of red or purple spots on the skin. This condition may also cause kidney problems and pain in the knee joints, ankle joints, or abdomen. Generally, this condition goes away on its own, although symptoms may return (recur) over time. CAUSES
It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly the wrist and hands are involved with typically the same joints involved on both sides of the body. GG has the painful disease in 32 of her joints. While chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancerous tumors, the drugs can be used in lower dosages to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
When this happens the urine will turn a dark blue-black color when it is exposed to air. Therefore it may not look abnormal as soon as it exits the body but actually turns colors if it sets for a period of time so that it is exposed to air to express the blue black color. Researchers define a high urinary level of homogentisic acid as being greater than four to eight grams in a twenty four hour period. With children dark staining in the diapers is a sign that homogentisic acid is present and being excreted and this can indicate that the child may have the AKU disorder. It is important to note that many patients do not show many signs and do not become aware of their disorder until they are in their third or fourth decade of life.
A few people may know about osteoarthritis and others may not. Osteoarthritis makes it difficult to carry out day to day activities. There are leading key points of osteoarthritis that will help gain understand and cope osteoarthritis better. The three leading key points are symptoms of osteoarthritis, causes of osteoarthritis, and living with osteoarthritis. Symptoms of osteoarthritis can affect your mobility.
Morton’s toe can also fast track the wearing and tearing down of joints and ligaments. Other associated conditions of Morton’s toe include Metatarsalgia or the ball-of-foot pain, Hammertoes, Bunions or the abnormal bump of bone that is formed at the head of the first metatarsal bone, Morton’s neuroma, and plantar fasciitis. Dr. Morton observed that persons who have Morton’s foot condition experience changes on the way they walk, observed a kind of “walking on ice skates” effect, and changes in
Osgood-Schlatter Disease Osgood-Schlatter disease is an inflammation of the area below your kneecap called the tibial tubercle. There is pain and tenderness in this area because of the inflammation. It is most often seen in children and adolescents during the time of growth spurts. The muscles and cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone (tendons) tighten as the bones are becoming longer. This puts more strain on areas of tendon attachment.
What is lupus? According to Mayo Clinic staff lupus is defined as “a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs when the body’s immune system attacks your own tissues and organs. Inflammation caused by lupus can affect many different body systems including your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs”(Mayo clinic.org). With lupus your body’s immune system fights off viruses, bacteria, and germs, normally the immune system produces proteins called antibodies that protect the body from these viruses. “Autoimmune means your immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and your body’s healthy cells and tissues and creates autoantibodies that attack and destroy healthy cells and tissue.
3 POINTS: Describe how the tests or procedures in 13 (A) would confirm or disprove the disease or disorder you picked • Complete blood count or differential could reveal problems such as leukopenia, mild anemia, and/or thrombocytopenia. • Renal dysfunction could be detected by elevated serum creatinine. . • Urinalysis with urine sediment may revel hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria, and/or cellular casts. • All of these are symptoms of lupus and get confirmed by these tests. 14.
It was a warm summer afternoon of August, 1999, at a friend’s house when I was introduced to rheumatoid arthritis. It was a casual and startling encounter. His aunt greeted me at the door to take me to the guest room. She seemed to be in her mid-40’s, had a round face with thin reddish skin, painful looking hand deformities and a slow, limping gait; most strikingly, an aura of pain was visible all around her. I asked my friend, concernedly, why she looked so different.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease can impact your life dramatically. It can take shots on your body for so long until you can’t take it anymore. Osgood-Schlatter Disease is a common cause of knee pain in growing adolescents. It is an inflammation of the area just below the knee where the tendon from the kneecap (patellar tendon) attaches to the shinbone (tibia). It occurs when your bones, tendons, muscles are growing rapidly than what they should.
Altogether, these three results suggest an unusually low total RBC mass. 4. Chronic atrophic gastritis is a condition that leads to the degradation of the lining of the stomach. Based on Harold’s history of this form of gastritis, his doctor also ordered tests to check the levels of vitamin B12 in his blood. How might Harold’s gastritis affect these
When a joint is injured, the body’s first defense mechanism is inflammation of the area to provide protection and help start the healing process. Sometimes though, there are side effects of the inflammation. Inside the joint capsule, when it becomes inflamed, the extra fluid makes the synovial fluid balance to be off, and the hyaluronic acid may become watery and dilute. Inflammation may also cause free radical agents to be released into the joint from the synovial membrane, which will actually attack the articular cartilage. If these are not checked, they can lead to osteoarthritis.
Review of Symptoms General: denies fever, night sweats, significant weight gain or loss, exercise intolerance, depression, sleep disturbances, or fatigue HEENT: denies dry eyes, irritation, vision changes, difficulty hearing, ear pain, sore throat, runny nose, or sinus pressure Neck: denies swollen glands or stiff neck Pulmonary: denies cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath Cardiovascular: denies chest pain or palpitations Gastrointestinal: denies abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, acid reflux, or melena Genitourinary: reports dysuria and vaginal itching, denies incontinence, hematuria, increased frequency, abnormal bleeding, or vaginal odor Musculoskeletal: denies muscle aches, weakness, joint pain, back pain, or edema Integumentary: denies any rashes, lesions, or change in hair Neurological: denies numbness, headache, seizures, tingling or sensation changes Endocrine: denies bruising, excessive sweating, thirst, hunger, heat or cold intolerance Objective Data Physical Exam Vitals: blood pressure - 130/77, heart rate - 97, respiratory rate - 17, temperature – 97.9 , oxygen saturation –97% on room air, weight – 183 pounds, height – 5 feet 4 inches, body mass index –