The Gender Wage Gap

In his article, Mark Perry, the professor of economics and finance, argues if the gender wage gap is caused by discrimination. In his opinion, simply claim that women are paid less due to discrimination is “fundamentally misleading” and “economically illogical.” There are more factors that affects this issue. In addition to the physical differences between men and women, different hours of work, importance degree of children, and occupational selections also influence different earnings.

Pay Gap: a bitter difficulty Women and men should receive the same salary for doing the same job. That is the idealistic concept that fits very well in an invented society. However, gender pay gap shows one of the worst discrimination problems nowadays. After several investigations, many factors show that women receive an inferior amount of money in comparison with men, simply due to the gender difference. Thus, the debate is on the table.

Moreover, women engaged in low paying jobs. It is at the onset of World War II that women took higher positions. It was a replacement of the positions left by men. The number of women in the workforce has increased year after year with some traditional beliefs regarding women gradually changing. However, the issue of gender inequality is still evident in some places.

Women’s rights and the way they live has changed greatly over the course of time. Back in the day, women did not have equal rights to men and they had to face many challenges in order to receive the jobs they wanted. Nowadays, women can get the same jobs as men and their power is much more appreciated. The 1930’s affected women in a positive way over time as they tried to work their way up in government positions, obtain more profitable jobs, and help provide for their families; but they still had a long ways to go getting equal rights to men.

The gender pay gap is a significant issue in the United States because it promotes institutional and internal sexism and the unfair treatment of human beings. An infamous statistic about the wage gap has been the 77 cent statistic, stating that for every dollar a man earns, a woman earns 77 cents. The statistic is calculated by, “...dividing the median earnings of full-time, year-round, working women by the median earnings of full-time, year-round, working men, all rounded to the nearest $100” (Glynn 2). This, however, represents males and females from all occupations, causing opponents to argue that, because it does not represent the gap between people who have the same job, a wage gap does not exist. Nonetheless, multiple studies have proven that a gender pay gap does exist within the United States.

The gap between men and women has always seemed to be prevalent in our world it seems like it. From working wages to basic rights, women always seem to not be considered equal to men. In professional sports, for example, female athletes are paid less than their male counterparts, even if they execute better than them. "I cannot think of any other industry that has such a wage gap, really. Depending on country context and sport, a man can be a billionaire and a woman [in the same discipline] cannot even get a minimum salary" (Beatrice Frey, sport partnership manager at UN Women).

Gender Inequality in Labor Force Through the history, almost in every country around the world men have tended to participate more in labor force than women. However, as decades passed, the female participation in labor force has been increased (Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Sandra Tzvetkova, 2017). According to World Development Report 2012, female participation in labor force has increase from 50.2 to 51.8 during the period of 1980-2008. World Bank, 2016 Despite of the fact that female participation in the labor force has increased, the challanges they confront in the workplaces have not been eliminated completely (Michael M. Kasumovic, Jeffrey H. Kuznekoff, 2015)

It was not easy for women worked in factories, or serving other male occupation, still often gets discrimination. For example, the calculations on wage they got, in which this is debatable between the people at that time. Some paid by the average of 53% of the men's pay the replaced with. Discrimination that happened across at workplace is that the women get fewer shillings compared to men's, even though they were being favored to overnight fire watchers or others men's hard work. They were gotten lower compensation instead of men, even though they were at high risk of bombings (striking-women,

“Women in the workplace using the stereotypes surrounding motherhood as some of their primary defining characteristics. Men who work outside the home for pay may also be fathers, but no stereotypes prompt employers to fear that men’s parental roles threaten their productivity” (Kennelly, 172). Single mothers get stereotyped as always being late and having to be absent from work. They are also stereotyped as unable to do things due to the fact that they are women. Therefore, they receive discrimination for being single mothers as well as, the simple fact that they are women.

Women’s rights and the way they live has changed greatly over the course of time. Back in the day, women did not have equal rights to men and they had to face many challenges in order to receive the jobs they wanted. Nowadays, women can get the same jobs as men and their power is much more appreciated. The 1930’s affected women in a positive way over time as they tried to work their way up in government positions, obtain more profitable jobs, and help provide for their families; but they still had a long ways to go getting equal rights to men.

For many years women have been seen as being “lesser” than men, and even in this great country, women didn 't have the right to vote until the passing of the 19th amendment in 1919. That amendment was passed almost 100 years ago, and surely we have changed for the better... Right? Many people would say that we have, however, it is clear that a woman working the same job as a man is making a significant amount less than the man would. This is a big problem in our country for a number of reasons.

People had low wages, especially women and children also, not only were they getting hurt, most of them were facing life-risking jobs. Eventually, Theodore Roosevelt took action with a campaign slogan, square deal, that pledged to balance the interests of business, consumers, and labor. Progressives made sure that women and children had higher pay, better working conditions and and less hours in a work day. Elections and voting rights were changed up. Now that elections were without fraud since political machines were put to an end, the progressives introduced many new election reforms.

In today’s society despite of the progress women have reached there are still barriers that are placed in society. According to author “Thirty-four percent of all families headed by women are poor: the rates are higher for African American women, Latinas and Native American women, and the rate has been increasing” (Andersen, 2015, p. 3). The previous statistics reveal that even living in a society were “equality for both genders” is usually advocated, women’s are still suffering the biggest discrimination in the workplace and in society. Even professional women working full time are being paid less than males. Moreover, professional women are continuously suffering from barriers such as the glass ceiling effect this clearly affect women from raising to upper level positions.

Women working for the Texas state government suffer wage inequality because all women are held to the expectation that they will leave work to have a baby. Women can make the decision on whether they will or will not have kids, but because their colleagues do plan on having kids or are pregnant they all are held at a certain pay. When hiring women there is this doubt that they will stay the entire time and that it will be a permanent job so the employer does not feel a need to give them an equal pay compared to a man doing the same job. The reality of wage differences between men and women is that above all changes women still get paid less than men. There have been countless arguments that wage inequality has been fixed and that everyone

In 2013 one million single mothers with children under 18 would have benefited from a minimum wage increase to $10.15. Single mothers are 10% of workers affected by an incrementation but they make up only 5.7 of the overall work force. More than two million espoused men and women with children under age 18 would additionally benefit from an