The passage from John M. Barry’s The Great Influenza explores the significance of certainty and uncertainty to scientific experimentation and research. The author’s employment of metaphor, repetition, and semantic inversion helps to reinforce the claim that, “to be a scientist requires not only intelligence and curiosity, but passion, patience, creativity, self-sufficiency, and courage”. Barry opens the passage with two back-to-back examples of anaphora; these examples of repetition lay a direct emphasis on the strengths that certainty creates, along with the weaknesses that uncertainty creates. According to the author, “certainty gives one something upon which to lean” and “uncertainty makes one tentative if not fearful, and tentative steps, even when in the right direction, may not overcome significant obstacles”. This take on the abstractions of certainty and uncertainty can be applied to the decisions that we make on a daily basis, such as taking a less familiar route to work due to a traffic delay. Although …show more content…
Similarly to how the pioneers once undertook the task to expand colonial America into the uncharted, unknown western territory, scientists “move deep into a wilderness region where they know almost nothing, where the very tools and techniques needed to clear the wilderness, to bring order to it, do not exist”. The uncertainty of what lay beyond civilization, of what the foreign region rendered, had been undermined with the idea of fulfilling the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Likewise, the pursuit of an extension of knowledge and understanding of what is unknown and a cultivation of scientific resources draws scientists forward. The comparison between these two entities serves the purpose to reiterate Barry’s opening paragraph statement; obstacles and breakthroughs cannot be possible if not for the courage to accept our innermost
Through the use of anaphora, metaphor, and informative figurative language, Barry portrays the work of a scientist as challenging and complex. Barry begins by using patterns of repetition and anaphora in the first paragraph. He does this to strengthen the traditional recognition that certainty is good and uncertainty is bad. Providing these antithetical concepts of uncertainty v. certainty, or good v. bad, also strengthen his claim that the work of a scientist is challenging and complex. Next, Barry complicates our understanding of the nature of scientific research through the use of metaphor throughout the essay.
The migration of Americans to the west was a good thing for innovation and building up the United States as a country, but the Native Americans who lived in these lands were changed forever. Any Native Americans found in lands where United States citizens wanted land was immediately excavated from their land and brought to an Indian reservation of some kind. Overtime though, these Indian reservations began to limit due to the rising population in Americans during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. “They [Lewis and Clark] provided valuable information about the topography, the biological sciences, the ecology, and ethnic and linguistic studies of the American Indian. The mysteries of
(Barry) which serves as a final reminder of the vastness of possibilities in the work of a scientist and the intelligence it requires to narrow down those vast possibilities into one solid method that both succeeds in completing the research and in revealing something new and interesting. In conclusion, author John M. Barry uses rhetorical questions in order to give readers a glimpse into the world of scientific research. (Jessica
The Trouble with Wilderness by Cronon is an essay that critiques the American idea of wilderness. Cronon described the history of the idea of wilderness from biblical beginnings to modern descriptions. He also states that wilderness is a human creation and is simply a “reflection of our own unexamined longings and desires” (1). The potential danger in society’s traditional concept of wilderness is that is somehow apart from human life. The author defends this statement by pointing to the concept of “untouched” nature.
The use of the paradox in The Great Influenza by John M. Barry reveals seemingly contradictory statements true. In the second paragraph Barry believes that one must "embrace – uncertainty" (Barry). He uses this literacy device to highlight uncertainty as a welcomed sensation to be accepted, rather than denied. Along with presenting truthful statements, Barry makes every word, phrase, and sentence that he writes ultimately more powerful and read at different understanding levels by raising the bar and introducing contradicting information. Barry characterizes scientific research as contradicting.
Gould utilizes logos in order to show how and why testable hypotheses are what makes good science. In doing this, he directly achieved his purpose. Aside from being at times satirical or even condescending, Gould’s use of any other rhetorical devices is minimal at best. This not only keeps his article very straightforward, but highlights his satirical moments and portrays the article as being fueled by knowledge and conclusive evidence. Gould’s near exclusive use of logos makes it the center of gravity for his article, and provides validity to his conclusions of what does and does not make fruitful
Kyle Matteson English 101 9-26-16 Essay 1 Draft Manifest Destiny; the great purpose of the United States. To push the reaches of civilization into the frontier and wilderness and bring it all to heel and under the “control” of civilization and the new country. Americans by the thousands flocked to the Midwest and the West Coast to make their fortune and try to carve out a life in these unbridled lands. They left all that they knew to go off into The Wilderness and bring it into subjugation of their will. But what exactly is The Wilderness and why is man so emphatic and intent of controlling it?
Describe a problem you 've solved or a problem you 'd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. In The Great Influenza, Barry states that one must “accept uncertainty”.
Miller talks about the wilderness, darkness, and the mystery. Miller states, “The edge of the wilderness is close by. The American continent stretched endlessly west, and it was full of mystery for them. It stood, dark and threatening, over their shoulders night and day, for out of it Indian tribes marauded from time to time, and Reverend Parris had parishioners who had lost relatives to this heathen.” (Miller 2)
During science you have to expect some theories to go south, or to go wrong. When a theory does not work you have to question your work and began to think of another theory to make sure you do not miss the holes you missed the first time. Barry uses this metaphor to show readers that scientists often question themselves continuously. Lastly, Barry uses word choice or diction to intensify his message.
2008 AP english lang question 2 In the passage titled The great Influenza written by John Barry he talks about how scientists conduct scientific research and what it takes to be a scientist. He uses rhetorical strategies such as repetition, allusions and rhetorical questions. In the first paragraph Barry uses repetition numerous times with the words such as “certainty and uncertainty”.
The Alaskan Bush is one of the hardest places to survive without any assistance, supplies, skills, and little food. Jon Krakauer explains in his biography, Into The Wild, how Christopher McCandless ventured into the Alaskan Bush and ultimately perished due to lack of preparation and hubris. McCandless was an intelligent young man who made a few mistakes but overall Krakauer believed that McCandless was not an ignorant adrenalin junkie who had no respect for the land. Krakauer chose to write this biography because he too had the strong desire to discover and explore as he also ventured into the Alaskan Bush when he was a young man, but he survived unlike McCandless. Krakauer’s argument was convincing because he gives credible evidence that McCandless was not foolish like many critics say he was.
The passages titled, “The Last Wilderness Preserve'' by Kendra Washington and “ A New Land of Opportunity” by Micheal Serillio both accommodate a familiar topic about the continent of Antarctica. However, though both passages contain the same concept, both writers (Kendra Washington and Micheal Serillio) have contrasting opinions on if human action should be permitted in Antarctica. In spite of their disagreement, Micheal Serillio’s passage uses stronger reasoning, various evidence and a preferable explanation as to why Antarctica should be investigated by humans. To begin, Kendra Washington’s passage titled “The Last Wilderness Preserve” claims that “Any human action that would harm Antarctica is a crime against nature and a threat to our
The frontier ideology is defined as an allure of nature that is culturally spread and shaped by people’s ideals of how the wilderness should truly be. The problematic effects resulted by McCandless’ journey into the undomesticated land of Alaska are analogous to the quandaries that the frontier ideology creates for our environmental. Just as the ideology is embedded in his mind; it is also embedded in the minds of many others. However, McCandless story can actually teach us about the plights with our culture and in doing so, allows us to move forward. This has turned into a myth in which many believe that the most important parts of nature are areas that have been untouched by human hands.
This text is taken from a lecture that was given by William Morris about the importance of the arts. In this lecture he tries to convince his audience why the arts are beneficial and should be available to not only the wealthy but also ordinary people. He uses personification and imagery in order to make what he is saying more interesting, and also uses inclusive language to appeal to the whole audience. The first paragraph begins with the personification of Science; “And Science - we have loved her well, and followed her diligently, what will she do?”.