Ground Water Pollution Essay
The water that is present in preserved state beneath the surface of earth is known as the ground water. This ground water is present beneath the earth’s surface in the pore spaces between the soil particles, and also, in the cracks or fractures in the rocks. At a certain depth beneath the earth’s surface, the soil pore spaces and the rock fractures become saturated, that is., they cannot hold any more water. This depth is called as the water table.
Ground water is recharged through various natural surface water sources such as lakes, oceans, seas, rivers and aquifers. Typically, groundwater is thought of as water flowing through shallow aquifers, but, in the technical sense, it can also contain soil moisture, permafrost ( or frozen soil),
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These pollutants make their way down into ground water. Pollutant release may also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituents, impurity or contaminant in the ground water. In such a case, it is more suitable to refer to it as contamination rather than pollution.
The pollutant makes a “contaminant plume” within an aquifer. Movement of water and its further dispersion within the aquifer spreads the pollutant over a wider area. The advancing boundary of the contaminant plume is often called a plume edge. This plum edge may intersect with ground water wells or surface water such as springs and seeps. This can make the water supplies unsafe for both wildlife and humans. The movement of the plume, known as plume front, may be analyzed through a groundwater model or hydrological transport model.
Pollution can occur from various sources such as landfills, on-site sanitation systems, effluent from waste water treatment plants, petrol stations, leaking sewers, or from over-application of fertilizers in agriculture. Pollution/contamination of groundwater may also occur from naturally occurring contaminants, such as fluoride or arsenic. Using polluted ground water may cause hazards to public health through poisoning or the spread of
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