Atatürk's Views On Secularism
It is difficult to define the precise time period of secularism. In fact, scholars determine that its origins lie within Christianity (Topal, 2011, p.3), which nowadays seems incontestably controversial, as the basic meaning is to differentiate religion and state. This does not only emphasize the important influence that Christianity has had on secularism, but also the one the Western world has had, as it is where this type of religion is predominating.
Graeme Smith, the Head of Department of Theology, Philosophy and Religious Study at the University of Chichester, discusses the origins of secularism in his book “A Short History of Secularism”. His concept of secularism can be seen as crucial and fundamental in understanding secularism, how
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In fact, Topal states that the French notion of laïcité “seeks freedom from religion”, while the English secularism “seeks freedom of religion” (Topal, 2011, p.1-2). This distinction is key for the project and is relevant for various …show more content…
Firstly, Topal proceeds further in connecting the French concept to Kemalism, which was developed by Atatürk, and establishes a link between the English perception and the AKP’s. Moreover, the theoretical distinction between “assertive secularism” (Kuru, 2012), “the aim of excluding religion from the public sphere” (Ibid), and “passive secularism” (Ibid), the tolerance of “public visibility of religion” (Ibid), can also be connected to the dichotomy. In fact, one can a priori say that the French concept reflects more the assertive approach to secularism, while the English one is close to passive secularism. Because of this division, which is relevant both in regards to explaining the possibility of having different visions of secularism, but also in regards to understanding the debate between Atatürk and Erdogan, the English and French views on secularism will be discussed in regards to the concept of secularism. The practice of secularism in these two cases will not be analysed, as it is the practice of secularism within Turkey that lies at the very focus of this project. In order to define this in its full extent, the need for a solid
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