The Huguenots: Defeat Of The Spanish Armada

Finally, Drake helped in the English victory against the juggernaut that was the Spanish Armada. In 1587, after reports came to Queen Elizabeth about a Spanish Invasion, she bestowed upon Drake the command of a fleet of thirty ships. Drake led these ships down to the port of Cadiz, Spain, and proceeded to destroy and damage a majority of the Spanish fleet anchored there. While this courageous action was a major victory for the British, it only served to delay the Spanish invasion for a year (Trueman C.N.). After rebuilding from Drake 's earlier raid on Cadiz, Spain sent its invasion force against England in 1588.

Puritans are well known for conducting witch trials and burning people on suspicion of witchcraft or heresy like the incident in Salem. These two groups originated from the Anglican Church of England. A movement that took place after the English Reformation, known as the Puritanism, advocated strict religious disciplines, religious rituals, the belief of salvation, and Christ as the center of faith. Between the two, the Puritans were the original group who sought the return of a simple and virtual Christianity. The Pilgrims were Separatists who were once Puritans, but were discontent at reforms.

Henry VI (also Henry of Navarre), is known for his abrupt change in religious faith, from Calvinism to Catholicism, ending the French Wars of Religion and consolidating France into a unified nation. After the death of the Duke of Anjou, Catherine de Médicis youngest son, Henry of Navarre became the next person in line after the reigning of Henry III. Henry of Navarre, a Protestant Calvinist, posed a threat to the Catholic rule of France. This provoked the creation of the Catholic League, a group of Catholic powers “held together by one common goal: to prevent the monarchy of the ‘Most Christian King’ from falling into the hands of a heretic.” (Holt 123) In response, Henry “abjured his Calvinist faith and recognized the Catholic religion as

The Reformation was a religious revolution in the 16th-century that resulted in a schism within Western Christianity between the Roman Catholic Church and the newly established Protestant churches. The likes of Martin Luther and John Calvin, among others, exercised significantly important roles in the Reformation’s development. The Reformation effectively separated the peoples of Western Europe into two opposing religious blocs, Protestants and Catholics. Traditionally, the Reformation has been considered to be a turning-point in history as Europe was plunged into centuries of conflict, disagreement, and violence. Two distinct national traditions offer an analysis of the vast consequences that the Reformation had upon Western Europe; that is,

Spanish claims to Latin America were based on the Christianizing mission. When Christopher Columbus arrived at the ‘New World’ in 1492 he quickly and forcibly took advantage of the wealth of the Indian tribes; those who refused to hand over their gold and jewels faced brutal punishment of all sorts. In return, Columbus and other Spaniards bestowed the Indians with Catholicism by baptizing them and teaching them the rituals of the religion. Hence, the colonization of Latin America was justified under the guise of spreading Christianity. Meade supports this by saying, “The Crown utilized this system of rewards to encourage the settlement and further conquest of the New World.” In this case, we see how the Catholic Church was used as a moral defense in order to gain the

Tension started when King Henry VIII initiated the act to leave the catholic church, and create The church of England. The king then made himself head of the church which brought up problems with the catholic church. After King Henry died, his son Edward VI, took throne at age nine. Edward reigned as a powerful protestant king, He was a huge boost to the churches strength. King Edward VI did away with all the catholic statues, stained glass in the churches and introduce the common book of prayer.

Cromwell's time as Lord Protector changed how the Crown and Parliament interacted and worked with each other. His army laid the foundation for the Army's in England that came after. And he changed the landscape of religion in the isles, strengthening the Protestant majority and tearing down the Irish Catholics. His crusade against Charles the I and subsequent reign inspired the American colonists to go against military dictators. Though his time as a leader is remembered both negatively and positively his influence cannot be

Chaos: The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would disruption that separated Catholic define the continent in the modern and central Europe, like Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry Vill challenged papal authority and questioned the Church 's ability to define Christian practice. They argued for a religious and political redistribution of power into the hands of Bible- and pamphlet-reading pastors and princes. The disruption triggered wars, persecutions and the so-called Counter-Reformation, the Catholic Church 's delayed but forceful response to the Protestants. The main chaos that caused reformation were religious,

INTRODUCTION Forming part of the New England region, Salem can be found on the coast of the state of Massachusetts, USA. European Puritans began to settle in Salem as early as 1626. Puritans were a group of English Protestants from the 16th century, which was a religiously-driven era in Europe as God was the central force for the public. As such, the fear of the occult and Satan was pervasive. The Puritans brought these fears to Salem as they colonised New England in an attempt to flee religious maltreatment in Europe.

The presence of the political system, absolutism in which a single person rules in the form of a national monarchy, began to grow because of the religious wars that took place after the Protestant Reformation in the 16th and 17th centuries. This was the system enforced in France up until the 18th century when a burst of knowledge, known as the Enlightenment arose and people began to challenge the social, political and economic foundations of their country. The morale and newfound information from this led to the French Revolution in which the middle and lower classes of France rose up against the absolute ruler, King Louis XVI, was a turning point in history, causing major changes to not only the people of France but also many other nations and regions around the globe. A major downside of the revolution was the abundance of hypocrisy seen as they fought for liberty, equality, and fraternity but in the process violated each and everyone of them. While King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette sat in their beautiful castle bathing in luxury and wealth, the people of France were plagued with social, political and economic struggles that their leaders ignored.