1 Introduction
Computer technology is continuously evolving nowadays. New processors, devices, apps , technology are growing each days. Electronic devices, like computers, mobile phones, tablets, PDA , GPS are used by more people and with new purposes in a way that they are almost essential in our lives. Through interaction computer and people can communicate with each other [1].
Human Computer Interaction involves the study, planning, and design of the inter- action to both users and computers.
Communication between users and computers occurs at the user interface which includes both software and hardware. The interface is the space where interaction between humans and machines occurs and the success or failure of a product relies
largely
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1945{1968: Batch interface
In the batch era, computing power was extremely scarce and expensive.
User interfaces considered overhead, and software designed to keep the processor at maximum utilization with as little overhead as possible.
The input for the user interfaces for batch machines were mainly
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With the limited exception of the system operator's console, human be- ings never interact with batch machines in real time.
Submitting a job to a batch machine involved, rst, preparing a deck of punched cards gives program and a dataset [12].
Dept. of Computer Engg. 1 DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune
Operating System Design User Interface to Operating System
Punching the program cards done on specialized typewriter-like machines that were notoriously balky, unforgiving, and prone to mechanical failure.
The software interface was parsed by the smallest possible compilers and interpreters. Once the cards were punched, one would drop them in a job queue and wait. Operators would feed the deck to the computer, perhaps mounting mag- netic tapes to supply another dataset or helper software.
The job gives a printout, containing nal results or notice of abortion with an attached error log.
Successful runs write a result on magnetic tape or generate some data cards to be used in later computation [12].
2. 1969{present: Command-line user interface
Command-line interfaces (CLIs) evolved from batch monitors connected to the system console.
Their interaction model was a series of request-response
2) at the beginning of the computers industry the user was dealing with text interface only and every thing
Suddenly, a new idea popped into my head and I quickly coded it into the program. Nervously, I pressed compile and I entered the shutdown phrase into the black window. To my surprise, the program shut down and my assignment was complete. Instantly, a burst of excitement came over me, and I was proud of myself for completing the
Since then, the computer systems have been upgraded so the information can be compiled and is more readily available (Leung,
HCI Principles January 16 2015 This document contains the criteria for P2 and M1 for Assignment 1 – Unit 23. Unit 23 – Assignment 1 Aaron Martin Contents Task 1 (P2) – Discuss the Fundamental Principles of HCI 3 Perception 3 Colour 3 Trichromatic System 3 Luminance 4 Pop Out Effect 4 Pattern 5 Proximity 5 Continuity 5 Symmetry 5 Similarity 5 Common grouping 5 Connectedness 5 Objects 5 Geon’s 5 Use of Gross 3D Shapes 5 Information Processing 5 Humans as a Component 5 Overview of Human Information Processing (HIP) 5 Overview of Goals, Operators, Methods and Selection (GOMS) 5 Specialist 5 Design for Specialist Uses 6 Input or Output for the Visually 6 Orally 6 Aurally or Physically 6 Challenged 6 Remote Control Devices 6 Head Up Displays 6 Behaviour Models 6 Predictive models 6 Reaction time, 6 Keystroke Level Model (KLM) 6 Throughput (TP) 6 Fitts’ Law 6 Task 2 (M1) – Explain How an HCI can be adjusted for a User with Special Needs 7 Voice Recognition 7 Text-To-Speech 7 Task 1 (P2) – Discuss the Fundamental Principles of HCI Perception Perception, this is what allows the specified user to see and feel when interacting with a HCI; it is very important that the user can do these things so they get a complete understanding of what they are using. This is when various different patterns and colours are used as well as objects; all of these allow the user to interact personally with the interface. Colour It is very important that when designing an interface that you
The introduction of personal computers in the 1980s and 1990s revolutionized the way that people worked and communicated, allowing for greater efficiency and productivity. The widespread adoption of personal computers during this time period led to the creation of new industries such as software development and computer
The author of Your Genes Don’t Fit: Why 10,000 Hours of Practice Won’t Make You an Expert went to the same Computer Center as Bill Gates and spent as much time as him on the terminal. The author commented, “The computer was called Rax, so when I turned on the computer, a message would type out on paper: Rax says hello. Please sign in. And I would eagerly sign in.
People rely on technology for many things. Phones, laptops, and tablets can be used for social networking, researching for a school assignments, to quickly looking up information
If there are so many programs, and the resources are limited, this software called (kernel) also decides when and how long a program should run. It is also called scheduling. It might be very complex to access the hardware directly, since there’re so many different hardware designs for the same type of components. Usually kernels implement somehow level of hardware abstraction to hide the underlying complexity from applications and provide a uniform interface. This also helps application developers to develop
1. The operating system I am using is windows 7 and it allows me access Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint. 2. A user interface is the way in which the user will interact with the computer system and all the apps that are available on the computers software. The components of a user interface is navigation mechanism, input mechanism, and output mechanism.
Artificial Intelligence and its effect on the workforce Artificial intelligence(AI) is a recent reality of technological advancement affecting human society. To analyze its effect on the workforce we will look back in history for technological disruptions and how they affected the workforce and compare and contrast to the way AI is currently impacting and will continue impacting the human workforce and other aspects of human society such as economics, politics and the general environment. History Throughout history technological advancement has affected human society in its ways of living, working and its environment.
Accessibility is a concept that essentially applies to the customization of products, services, appliances and environments in a way that enables them to be used by people who have various types of disabilities. Effectively speaking, these products and services are designed in such a manner that enables people with special needs to gain both ‘direct’ as well as ‘indirect’ access to them. At the same time, the benefits of accessibility also extend to a wider category of individuals such as senior citizens and medical patients. Assistive technology is a term that is closely associated with the concept of accessibility. For instance, the application of assistive technology is what makes electronic equipment such as computer screen readers accessible to all categories of end users, including those with disabilities or special needs.
Technology and new innovations are welcome in the society of the twenty-first century. Technology is advancing every year, and it is being integrated into everyone’s daily life. Technology like smartphones, computers, smartwatches, smart glasses, smart tv’s, and game consoles are being incorporated into people’s homes, jobs, education, transportation, and medicine. Technology makes it easier for people to communicate effortlessly over long distances. People have the ability to search for an abundance of information at their fingertips.
We depend too much on technology. There is no doubt about it. Many places of work are at a loss if their internet connection stops working. Many businesses and institutions are left high and dry if the internet or computer crashes. Every bit of information regarding business is entered into the computer.
The human race has got to see some of the top best inventions during the 20th century, for example- the radio, the airplane, nuclear power, automobile, and the one that has by far made human life easy and efficient is the computer. The invention of the computer has led to some of the most significant concepts, ideas, and inventions that eventually led to the evolution of human life. And the major ones are, the internet, long distance communication, easy and safe research and much more! The computer was invented by Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer, and polymath who is also titled as the “father of computers”.
Task 2 2B Digital technology ¬– a health threat? We live in a rapidly changing, highly technological world, where the present day digital technology affects several parts of our lives. At work, people use digital technology to communicate, gather information and solve problems relevant to their place of work. A growing number of people also use digital technology at home, to keep in touch with friends and family, check bank balances, play interactive games, participate in online forums and interact with others on social media websites and mobile apps, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.