ipl-logo

Essay On Immune System

1583 Words7 Pages

IMMUNE SYSTEM

All living organisms are continuously exposed to substances that are capable of causing them harm. Most organisms protect themselves against such substances in more than one way --- with physical barriers, for example, or with chemicals that repel or kill invaders. Animals with backbones, called vertebrates, have these types of general protective mechanisms, but they also have a more advanced protective system called the immune system. The immune system is a complex network of organs containing cells that recognize foreign substances in the body and destroy them. It protects vertebrates against pathogens, or infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other parasites. The human immune system is the most complex.
Although there are many potentially harmful …show more content…

The other components are antigen-presenting cells, which trap antigens and bring them to the attention of lymphocytes so that thev can mount their attack.
How lymphocytes recognize antigens

A lymphocyte is different from all other cells in the body because it has about 100,000 identical receptors on its cellular membrane that enable it to recognize one specific antigen. The receptors are proteins containing grooves that fit into patterns forrned by the atoms of the antigen molecule --- somewhat like a key fitting into a lock --- so that the lymphocyte can bind to the antigen. There are more than 10 million different types of grooves in the lymphocytes of the human immune system.
When an antigen invades the body, normally only those lymphocytes with receptors that fit the contours of that particular antigen take part in the immune response. When they do, so-called daughter cells are generated that have receptors identical to those found on the original lymphocytes. The result is a family of lymphocytes, called a lymphocyte clone. with identical antigen-specific

Show More
Related

  • Nt1310 Unit 1 Case Study Answers

    424 Words  | 2 Pages

    This eliminates the infected cell" before it has time to multiply. (Alberts, B. 1970) 2. Your immune system is constantly working to fight off foreign invaders. The body recognizes its own cells from foreign cells by protein markers or antigens. As the B and T cells form the can tell the difference between your own cells and foreign cells.

    Read More

  • The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks By Rebecca Skloot

    747 Words  | 3 Pages

    The HeLa cell line was known to be the oldest successful cell line which has been extensively used in scientific inquiry. It became an invaluable tool in the advancement on of medical and clinical researches encompassing the development of vaccines, understanding the physiology of viruses and other infectious agents, devising developing in vitro fertilization techniques, and even in the use of genomic sequencing. Remarkable as the number of medical frontiers and research breakthroughs that were pushed and made possible by the famous immortal cells—HeLa, it has also been a great “source of anxiety, confusion and frustration for the family of the woman, Henrietta Lacks, from whom the cells were taken without consent more than 60 years ago”

    Read More

  • Ashella Schmiddy Research Paper

    616 Words  | 3 Pages

    Once innate immunity has seemed to fail, adaptive immunity sets in. Adaptive immunity is the body’s defense against a specific pathogen. One protein that A. schmiddy has is known as the Opa protein which, in short, inhibits the T Helper cells. Opa proteins inhibits T Helper cells (CD4+ cells) so antigens presented on MCHII is not recognized so B cells are not activated and cytokines are not released. Therefore, TH1, TH2, and TH17 are not activated, resulting in macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils not being recruited.

    Read More

  • Hodgkin Disease Research Paper

    651 Words  | 3 Pages

    “Lymphoid tissue, cells and organs that make up the lymphatic system, such as white blood cells, bone marrow, and the thymus spleen, and lymph nodes” (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). Lymphoid tissue is a big part of Hodgkin disease, so to fully understand the disease an individual must learn that the lymphoid tissue is very important for the human body. Lymphoid tissue is extremely important as an immune response and it also helps protect the body from infection and invaders. Simply, Hodgkin disease is the expansion of lymphoid tissue and the existence of Reed-Sternberg cells that are found in the lymph nodes. Reed-Sternberg cells “are large, often multinucleated with a peculiar morphology and an unusual immunophenotype, that does

    Read More

  • Immunological Malfunction Case Study Answers

    706 Words  | 3 Pages

    Question 14  HLA is a major histocompatibility complex a family gene on chromosome 6; a protein in most cells in the body. A matched sibling is the best possible donor because it decreases the chances of your body to reject the transplant. Since a sibling inherits some of the HLA markers from the parents its an easier match and more successful; sometimes siblings and parents are a match which then you 'd try and test an unrelated donor to see if that will be compatible.   Question 15   Prenatal testing is a test done to a see if the fetus/ embryo will have any possible birth defects, or health problems by testing amniotic fluid or placental cells. This can also be done to know possible gender, select preferred traits, test for family genetics.

    Read More

  • Pertussis: Whooping Cough

    1009 Words  | 5 Pages

    Include information about the disease and its symptoms Pertussis, otherwise known as the whooping cough or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease in which the patient suffers from severe coughing fits, after which a high pitched “whoop” sound or gasp may occur as a patient breathes. These coughing fits can become so extreme that they can cause the patient to vomit, break ribs, and experience extreme fatigue from the effort of coughing. People suffering from Pertussis may also lose weight and lose control of their bladder. Pertussis in babies under the age of one is extremely dangerous and can be deadly, the baby has little to no cough but instead will have apnea, in which the baby goes through periods of time where they

    Read More

  • Informative Essay On Lupus

    663 Words  | 3 Pages

    When one has this disease it means that your immune system which fights off bacteria, infection, and germs, your body has a harder time at protecting itself. Everyone’s body produces protein or B cells which are known as antibodies, it defends the body from viruses. Since lupus is an autoimmune disease, it is very hard to tell the difference between invaders and

    Read More

  • Bubonic Plague Research Paper

    354 Words  | 2 Pages

    The Immune System, which the cell attacks, is responsible for warding off enemies from the body. It consists of many parts, most notably lymph nodes, white blood cells, and lymphocytes.. When an infection is spotted, white blood cells swarm it and attack it. If the white blood cells cannot handle the infection, lymph nodes create lymphocytes, which attack the infection with renewed force, and help prevent infection in the future (Human Biology 149).

    Read More

  • The Effects Of Alienation In Modern Society

    1651 Words  | 7 Pages

    , but have we ever thought what happens if the organism is sick? Naturally it recovers, but it also loses few of the diseased cells. These lost cells can be compared to humans, but not to these resourceful and ingenious, but rather to these abandoned and ditched by society. And honestly, they have really hard times, because modern society do not stop to help, and they are often unaided. Left just for themselves.

    Read More

  • Should Vaccinations Be Mandatory

    789 Words  | 4 Pages

    The immune system is the body’s first defense against germs. When someone receives an immunization, a miniscule portion of the virus, known as an antigen, is injected into body. These antigens are not fully functioning viruses, instead they are weak or even dead {“Vaccine Ingredients”}. This allows the body to build an immunity to the foreign germ without being harmed. The immune system will attack the antigen as if it were fully functioning, producing antibodies to fight the germ.

    Read More

  • Essay On Lupus

    1059 Words  | 5 Pages

    Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body (skin, joints, and/or organs inside the body). When you have lupus, the body attacks the healthy tissues that’s supposed to fights off viruses, bacteria, and germs. Normally our immune system produces proteins called antibodies that protects the body from these invaders. Autoimmune means your immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and your body’s healthy tissues and creates autoantibodies that attack and destroy healthy tissue. These autoantibodies cause inflammation, pain, and damage in various parts of the body.

    Read More

  • Antigens Lab Report

    742 Words  | 3 Pages

    Antihuman globulin (AHG) was added to each tube, then tubes were centrifuged and view for agglutination. Antihuman globulin enhances the visibility of agglutination of IgG antibody-antigen complexes. IgG is too small to bridge the space between red blood cells caused by their zeta potential. AHG binding to IgG makes the lattice formation of hemagglutination more visible. Check cells (IgG-coated red blood cells) were added to tubes appearing negative and centrifuged to ensure AHG was added.

    Read More

  • Guillian Barre Syndrome Case Study

    724 Words  | 3 Pages

    It is a antibody capable of removing bacteria and viruses from the immune system. If a donor donates enough, the immunoglobulin can stop the immune system from attacking itself and the peripheral

    Read More

  • Essay On Human Body

    924 Words  | 4 Pages

    The human body is an amazing thing made up of many different parts. These parts are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. For starters, one type of cell makes up one type of tissue. Next, two or more types of tissues make an organ. Then, a few organs working together make an organ system.

    Read More

  • Immune System Research Paper

    830 Words  | 4 Pages

    Overview of Immune system The human body provides the ideal environment for the microbes such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi to enter the body. Thus, it is the jobs of the immune system to keep them out by protect the body from the harmful substances. Immune system is when the networks of cells and tissues work together to defend the body against the foreign invaders.(Menche,2012 and National Institute Health,2003). According to the Latin word, immune come from the word immunis which is free or untouched. So it is mean that our body must free from the all pathogens that can lead to the diseases.

    Read More

More about Essay On Immune System

Open Document