The Importance Of Cryptography

Cryptography is one of widely used technique of secret writing which is the term used for data and information security and protects that information from various attacks. Cryptography is the process of converting a known text or plaintext into a human unreadable format called cipher text by encoding the original message using some encoding technique. Security is concerned with the protection of the network and data transmission over the network. Data Security is the most essential aspect of secure data transmission over the network. But to achieve complete data security is a challenging issue of data communication.

Unauthorized access to confidential information many have divesting consequences, not only in national security applications, but also in commerce and industry, main mechanism of protection of confidentiality in information systems are cryptography and access control. Examples of threats to confidentiality are malware, intruders social engineering, insecure networks and poorly administered systems. Discussing confidentiality most important thing us cryptography. In this assignment I would like to deeply discuss about cryptography and it

If we continue the use of the NSA’s device we lose our privacy. NSA is always listening, but who is listening in on them. The NSA may be used to listen on people living normal lives, but they don’t know if someone from the organization is an info broker or someone is silently is cracking into the servers without being notice by the firewalls or protect that is installed into the device. These info brokers may sell our identities to people we don’t want them to have and may just use the information collected by the NSA to know where to have a terrorist attack. If Edwin Snowden was able to crack into the phone of the political people how do we know if we’re actually

A SECURE DATA HIDING IN VIDEO BASED ON LFSR METHOD Rajpreetha C1 PG Scholar, M.E Communication System S.A. Engineering College Chennai, India rajpreetharul@gmail.com Vanitha Lakshmi.M2 Research Scholar S.A. Engineering College Chennai, India vanithahitesh08@yahoo.co.in Abstract—In various areas, information security is very important due to the development of high speed computer networks and internet. Steganography is developed as a technique for securing the secrecy of communication. In this paper, the secret information are directly hidden in the original video in a random order by using linear feedback shift register method that generates the pseudo random sequences. The cover video along with hidden information is then encrypted by

Settlor could revoke the will so that there could be no vesting of property upon potential secret trustee or settlor could revoke the secret trust without changing anything in the will. Mainly the Justification for revocability of secret trust fails because of the reason that secret trust is not constituted until death of settlor where the vesting of property into hands of secret trustee happens via the will. Also till the death of the testator he has declared a future property as the subject matter of the trust and there can be no trust for future property as a result such declarations are in valid. Further disadvantages are that oral evidence are un reliable, the theory makes a false dichotomy between the trusts and wills and result with an unduly narrow interpretation as to what a will is. Moreover, the theory does not elaborate as to why acceptance of trust is

P8.4. a. Preventive controls such as authentication so anyone trying accessing the system has to provide credentials and verify their identity, encryption so sensitive information cannot be accessed, and have a strong internal environment that educates employees on security measures. Detective controls such as log analysis could be used to show determine if someone is trying to log on to a system and is unsuccessful. Corrective controls such as having an effective CIRT that can access the laptop and block or delete important information so the theft cannot access the laptop.

The government has many tools in looking into people's information but the government doesn't realize that it is violating the 4th amendment by using the resources they have in looking into suspected people and that's the reason why we cannot trust our information to be safe with the government either way. David Cole, a lawyer who teaches constitutional law and national security at Georgetown University, and other legal analysts says that, “The world of computers has weakened the Fourth Amendment. "In the modern digital age, it means very, very little."(citation). The reason why he says this is because, before we had computers, no one knew who we were seeing or where we were going throughout the day, but if someone were to know they would have to wiretap our things to know. If the fourth amendment was follow the police would need a warrant to do that but in today's world we wouldn't need it anymore.

Data hiding is the art of hiding data for various purposes such as; to maintain private data, secure confidential data and so on. There are lots of techniques used for data hiding; Steganography and Watermarking; Steganography is an ancient well-known technology which has many applications even in today’s modern society. It is the art and science of hiding a secret message within a cover media in such way that only intended recipient have knowledge about secret message and the extraction of it at its destination. Cover media can be image, audio, video, text and network. It is concerned with sending a secret message while hiding its existence.

Cryptography is a technique or method to secure personal data from unauthorized user. In cryptography two types of operation are performed. (i) Encryption and (ii) Decryption. To encrypt and decrypt data a secret key is used. After encryption original data is converted into another format known as cyphertext, which is not easy to understand.

The public is usually expected from knowing about specific operations or sensitive sources and methods. Spies are collecting the intelligence critical data to protecting the country. The job they are doing is difficult and dangerous, but somehow important. They are always to prepare themselves against enemies. A prepared country is then seldom attacked.

Don’t use words that exist in foreign dictionaries as your passwords. It is risky. Online criminals and hackers could easily crack such passwords. However, you can use the first letter of each word in a long phrase to create strong passwords. You can also strengthen such passwords by making some letters uppercase and by swapping out some letters with numbers and symbols 7.

Q5) (a) Password policy: SQL Server verification server login and secret key approach can apply. Login and secret word are not the same regarding security is extremely viable. SQL new businesses • SQL server administration studio gives three choices for the above logins • Implement secret key strategy • Keeping in mind the end goal to keep up the security of information, we can change the secret key or are made, when the need to put a touch befuddling. • at the point when the approach is empowered all the prerequisite ought to be meet • Eight characters ought to be in the secret word • The secret word must incorporate the capitalized letters (A –Z), lowercase letters (a-z), numbers (0-9), non-alphanumeric characters like outcry point (! ), at image (@), dollar ($) and so forth.

Secret code is applied to the message and hashed and is sent to the receiver 6. Secret code is applied to the message and hashed and this hashed message is encrypted and sent to the receiver. It is used in digital signatures the hash is encrypted using sender’s private key and then encrypted using public key and sent to the receiver and the receiver decrypts the message using the private key. It is used in password storage A good system does not store the plaintext equivalent but store something else which include some randomness .so now if we use hash and because of its onewayness it is impossible to get back the password. If we use pure hash in the password and encrypt it, it can be broken easily by exhaustive search so that is why we have add some randomness to the password before the hash function is applied.

a) Not true, the message can also be decrypted with the Public Key b) A so called “one way function with back door” is applied for the encryption c) The Public Key contains a special function which is used to encrypt the message and which can only be reversed by the appropriate Private Key d) The encrypted message contains the function for decryption which identifies the Private Key Answer:b 9. What is the main drawback of the symmetric Encryption? a) More complex and therefore more time-consuming calculations b) Problem of the secure transmission of the Secret Key c) Less secure encryption function d) Isn’t used any more Answer:b 10. What is the purpose a key during encrypt a message? a) The key indicates which function is used for encryption.

Why did a government surveillance official lie to America? In March 2015, Director of National Intelligence James Clapper declared the National Security Agency (NSA) does not “collect any type of data at all on millions or hundreds of millions of Americans” (Engler). Then Edward Snowden revealed that truthfully, plenty of data was being collected and surveyed by the government through the bulk collection of private phone information. James Clapper later stated he “misunderstood the question” (Engler). Not only does this spark rage, but also reveals that the government has been using its resources to data mine at the ignorance of citizens, where a computer algorithm tries to find potential threats in hopes of stopping terrorism.