Introduction This paper is geared towards a discussion to explain why the following disciplines namely: Sociology/Anthropology, History, and Philosophy and Psychology are considered foundations of curriculum studies and to determine how each discipline is reflected in the curriculum. Specifically, it aims to discuss the disciplines and its importance to education and likewise describe their impact in developing a curriculum.
Curriculum is seen as a “desired goal or set of values that can be activated through a development process, culminating in experiences of learners” (Wiles & Bondi, 2011, p. 5). The extent to which the planned goals are met through fulfillment of those experiences make a direct representation of the effectiveness of the
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The functionalist theory focuses on ways that universal education serves the needs of society. Functionalists first see education in its manifest role: conveying basic knowledge and skills to the next generation. Schools train students effectively to become effective workforce of the society. Essentially learning takes place the experiences which the learner has; that is through the reactions he makes to the environment in which he is placed (Tyler, 1949). It fulfills the role of education to teach children so they can succeed.
Skills development of learners must be reflective of building job relevant skills through skills training that include:
• pre-employment development skills through effective pedagogical approaches by forging and sustaining productive ties between the school and the industry by sustaining the satisfaction of graduates’ and employers’ with its
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Innovation encourages development of ideas for new products or new ways of doing things towards transform them into profitable products or activities. Learners, independently acquire the knowledge & information needed to work in a globalized, information society and knowledge economy. It involves the basic understanding of the different disciplines to acquire essential skills and knowledge. The changes in society has brought a kind of culture that curriculum has to include which develops not only occupational skill but also the competence to deal with many situations and to work in teams. Learning results to actions with growing autonomy, judgment and personal responsibility and develops an understanding of culture of people and an appreciation of
The Other Education written by David Brooks identifies how society lacks the studies of non-scholastic curriculum. Yet, he defines curriculum as a broad term in this article. When thinking about scholastic aspects people ponder the thought of school subjects, however Brooks wishes that society would look past the direct studies. Brooks himself writes, “…Such and such classes, such and such grades, and amassed such and such degrees.”
Finally, the three sociological perspectives can be seen. Functionalist can be observed in the way
All individuals have certain social roles that when working together, form society, this allows for there to be inequality amongst individuals. Functionalism also says that social order is maintained through public consensus. So, the adjustments that the public makes in response to deviant behavior, allow for change within this theory. About Mean Girls, functionalist would view all the different groups in this movie as necessary to the functionality of high school. There are many different groups in the movie, for example the lunchroom scene shows us these separate groups.
Looking at society as a whole with individual units that work together to make society function efficiently is the structural functionalism concept. Each unit has a part and is describe as institutions such as family, religion, education, politics, economy and inequality. Because structural functionalism looks at social structure and patterns of behavior it is able to create values for society. As well as, distinguish between visible and suppressed problems within the social structures that may need to be addressed. For instance, homelessness is indication of dysfunction in structural functionalism system.
We look are homelessness and functionalism and how on a macro leave how it affects homeless. We also look at the programs that available for people. Explanations using sociology theory The functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Edward Durkheim, was the regional person who was greatly interested in seeing how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable.
Within the realm of education, there are numerous ideologies that may be utilized to construct a curriculum. Several of these ideologies are more prominent than others. With this in mind, there are four main ideologies that are analyzed more frequently than others; these include Scholar Academic, Social Efficiency, Learner-Centered, and Social Reconstruction. Throughout this paper, the focal point will be assessing how these views are applied, both inside and outside the classroom.
It has its origins in the works of Emile Durkheim, who was especially interested in how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable. As such, it is a theory that focuses on the macro-level of social structure, rather than the micro-level of everyday life. Notable theorists include Herbert Spencer, Talcott Parsons, and Robert K. Merton. Functionalism interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole
By way of example, all three of the theoretical perspectives notably have idiosyncrasies about one another. As an illustration, structural functionalism is defined as Due to the fact that society consists of vital parts and systems they work in unison with each other to run smoothly. The people in the society contribute in myriad areas of interest in the process of structural functionalism. David Claerbaut states that these areas of interest, incorporate into society with: religion, economics, education, politics and family. On the other hand of living among each other actively working to create a seamless community we have the conflict theory.
Functionalism can be defined as a psychological philosophy, which considers mental life and behavior with regards to active adaptation to the person’s environment. Therefore, it provides people with the general basis on which they can develop psychological theories that are not readable and testable through controlled experiments and applied psychology. The whole idea of functionalism first arose in the United States back in the 19th century. During that time, it was used as an alternative to structuralism (Zhong, 2008).
If an institution exists then there must be a positive reason for it. The Functionalist perspective of education looks at education as a training system for students so they are given their appropriate place in society. However, Marxists believe that education teaches us the norms and values of the
Career education programs are the primary method used for providing career development assistance to students. Students will acquire the skills to investigate the world of work in relation to knowledge of self and to make informed career decisions. Students will employ strategies to achieve future career goals with success and satisfaction. Students will also understand the relationship between personal qualities, education, training, and the world of work. In addition, the program aim is to help students improve academic competence, graduate from high school, develop employability skills and implement a career plan and participate in a career pathway in preparing for post-secondary education and
One of the key to the successful teaching of physical education is the use of a broad range of approaches and methodologies. As it is acknowledged that schools, classes and teachers will vary, some methods will suit particular circumstances better than others, and the nature of the strands themselves necessitates the use of a variety of teaching methods. There is a need to examine the teaching methods which will best enhance the achievement of the objectives, taking factors such as the content and context of the lesson into account, as well as the needs of the learner. Teaching means sharing, guiding, changing behavior, impressing, disciplining, counseling, directing and inspiring. Good teaching is a process of producing end products of
Abstract As early childhood educators, we the teachers have differing philosophies and approaches to education of our own. There are many different types of early childhood programs. Each program is unique in its philosophies, methods, and program goals. Every one of us early childhood educators is unique in our own way, which makes each early childhood program experience different and special to everyone involved.
Structural Functional Theory Structural functional theory is a macro sociological theory that is based on the characteristics of structures, social patterns, social systems and institutions such as education, religion, leisure, media, economy and politics. If all these social institutions are organized and co-operate with one another around a set of core values functionalist theorists assume that the entire social system will function properly and efficiently. Society in structural functional theory has a view that it is an organized system of interrelated parts that are held together by shared values and established social arrangements that help maintain the system to be in a state of balance and equilibrium. Structural functional theory is a broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions and institutions (Vibha Desai, 2013).
Individuals and some identifiable groups may fall into misfortune or maladaptive patterns. The goal of intervention is to help them adapt to existing structures, perhaps making minor institutional adjustments where warranted. Functionalism interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole society. Society is more than the sum of its parts; rather, each part of society is functional for the stability of the