Essay On Dna Sequencing

The human body is a unique and integral organism. The diversity within the human race stems from the variation in DNA and genetic make-up. Despite the same nitrogenous bases being the four constitutes of DNA; it is the sequence of these nucleotides that allows for genetic differences within the global population. DNA sequencing is the pinnacle of genetic testing which allows for major growth and development in the medical fields.

DNA analysis is a form of genetic interpretation and allows ones entire genome to be studied. Amongst many uses such as paternity testing and identification, this genetic analysis further allows for any disease or disorder that could possibly affect the individual to be detected. DNA analysis is seen as a form of

Lupus is an autoimmune disorder that is detected through DNA analysis. This life-long disorder results in the body’s immune system becoming hyperactive hence attacking normal functioning body cells as the body is unable to distinguish between antigens and healthy tissue (Easydna.co.za, 2018). Inevitably, lupus affects the functioning of organs and the over all body functioning. The symptoms of lupus include extreme fatigue, fever, excessive weight loss or weight gain, dry eyes and anaemia (Easydna.co.za, 2018). Despite lupus being a genetically inherited disease, it is also said that the disorder is further stimulated by ones environment. These surrounding conditions include excessive sunlight, infection and certain medications (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Furthermore, factors that increase an individual’s risk of lupus are ones sex, age and race (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Statistics prove that the genetic disease is more common in women and is most prevalent in people between ages 15 and 45; lupus is also seen to be more common in African-Americans, Hispanics and Asian-Americans (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The genetic variant for lupus is located on chromosome pair number 6 called TNFAIP 3 (Kadesha Thomas Smith, 2018). This TNFAIP 3 is a gene that codes for a protein that causes inflammation if there is variation within this gene (Kadesha Thomas Smith,

Hemophilia A deficiency of clotting factor VIII is what results in increased rate of bleeding as the process of hemostasis is impaired. Although hemophilia A is the most common, hemophilia B occurs as a result of the lack of clotting factor IX (Wfh.org, 2018). This is an X-linked, recessive disorder that is most prevalent in males. Despite this being an inherited disorder it can also be caused by liver failure, vitamin K deficiency and autoimmunity against a clotting factor (YouTube, 2018). The mutated gene in hemophilia A are F8 and the mutated gene in hemophilia B are F9. Women are usually carriers of the disorder but really ever sufferers whereas males are more susceptible to the disease as a result of them receiving only one X chromosome, thus if the inherited chromosome has the mutation then the male recipient will suffer from hemophilia. The symptoms for both hemophilia A and hemophilia B are almost nearly identical as both genes F8 and F9 are similar in function (YouTube, 2018). These symptoms include bruising easily, hematomas which is collections of blood outside of the blood vessels, oozing of blood after tooth extractions, gastrointestinal bleeding, severe nose bleeds and hemarthrosis which is bleeding in the joint spaces (Emedicine.medscape.com, 2018). A serious symptom is bleeding into the brain which can cause stroke or even increased intracranial pressure; the severity of a