Chapter – 1 Introduction
1.1 Need of Watermarking Digital multimedia information are rapidly spreading everywhere. On the other side, this situation has brought about the possibility of duplicating and manipulating the data. To continue with the transmission of data over the Internet the reliability and originality transmitted data should be verifiable. It is necessary that digital multimedia information should be protected and secured. To provide copy protection and copyright protection for digital audio and video data, two complementary techniques are being developed for encryption and watermarking. Encryption techniques can be used to secure and protect digital data during the transmission
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Digital watermarking makes law enforcement and copyright protection for digital media possible and practical when it aims to automatically detect and possibly also prosecute copyright infringements. The watermark stems from the ancient art of a figure or design incorporated into paper during its manufacture and appearing lighter than the rest of the sheet when viewed in transmitted light for the same purpose.
Figure 1.1: Perceptible watermark embedded in a figure [1] The important requirements of digital watermarking are given and described as below. However, the relative importance of these parameters depends on the application.
1.1.1 Transparency (invisibility) This refers to perceptual similarity between the watermarked image and the original image. The watermark should be imperceptible. It means that no visual or audio effect should be perceived by the end user. The watermark should not degrade the quality of the original content, but in some applications may accept a little degradation to have higher robustness or lower cost. Sometimes digital watermark is embedded to data in the way that can be seen without extraction, called it visible watermark. The example of visible watermark is
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In this particular, the owner can embed different watermarks in the copies of data those are supplied to different user. Fingerprinting can be compared to embedding a serial number i.e. related to the user’s uniqueness in the data. It enables the intellectual property owner to identify customers who have broken their license agreement by providing the data to third parties [4]. Such practice is widely used in internet music sales. The buyer fills out a form in which user inserts his personal and other important information which the salesman converts such information into his own unique fingerprint format and embeds it into the song before downloading to the buyer. Other case is the vendor let users install its own music player software on their computers. For certain period of time the vendor will allow users listen to sample of music but which later must be bought with price after the set time expires, the software prohibits the user from listening to such songs since it always checks the songs for license every time the user tries to play
Ever since data is in encrypted format, its probably difficult for attacker to decode it ; but this will ultimately lead to data owner to suffer in one or the other way. 6. In order to solve this problem metadata is stored for each server content into proxy server. 7. Suppose size of data stored in server 1 is 2GB and similarly size of data stored in server2 is 2 GB.
This is done by calculating the hash value of the image, both before and after the image is
Invisible ink is a liquid that is used to send messages that can only be seen when affected with chemicals (dictionary.reference.com). The ink was used to send special messages to others so prying eyes can not see the message. This type of ink has been used for hundreds of years to communicate. Invisible ink was used by Germans during the first World War to communicate with each other to pass on information about England (scientificamerican.com). Invisible ink was also used during the Revolutionary war by both the Brits and Americans (clements.umich.edu).
Do you prefer to listen to music? Many of people do. The musicians sell their music and receive large sums of money. However, recently, there has been a large increase in popularity for music streaming services. To keep making money musicians have been required except endorsement deals from large corporations.
Once again, chapter 3 of “Blown to Bits” talks about the privacy of our technological devices, and how we can protect ourselves. The chapter talks about how there are “Ghosts in the machines” which could mean that what we delete is not really deleted. I find this to be scary since so many things are done on technology these days. After reading this chapter it is clear that people’s information in which they store online can be easily accessed. When it comes to devices we must be careful with what we use them for so that way our privacy is protected from hackers.
CO4507 Digital Forensic Investigation Introduction Nowadays digital devices are everywhere in our life’s helping peoples in many sectors and providing possibilities to them. By pronounce the term “digital devices” the majority of the peoples thinking the computers, smart phones, tablets and the cloud applications. Now the digital devices are important not only in our work environment, or for entertainment and educational reasons, but are important because we can use them as digital evidence. Any kind of technology that processes information can be used in a criminal way vise versa can be used as digital evidence in the court.
Operation Paperclip and its Scientific Advancements During the beginning of WWII it was clear that the Nazis had better military technology. As the war went on the allies were eventually able to catch up and be on the same level technology wise. Once the war ended and the allies stormed through Germany and were able to find all the data and technological advancements that the Nazis had made. The United States was impressed by their research and findings that they decided to pardon Nazi scientists if they brought their research to the United States.
For instance, the internet in collaboration with one’s memory card, can know what type of music you love. Then, it can search in the network and site, and automatically downloads the
With the introduction of new technology in recent years, the government can discreetly capture evidence from electronic files,
People in the military are fingerprinted, and it is also required for many other occupations and organizations. When it comes time to match a fingerprint with an individual, it is quite easy due to the wide library of fingerprints the FBI maintains. This library contains the fingerprints of “more than 10%” of the U.S. population. For smaller cases, law enforcement are given access to this library directly from a police station ("Forensic Science" [Gale] 18).
Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).
1.1 INTRODUCTION In modern day, vehicles anti-theft system is our prime important duty to secure our vehicle by the means of fingerprinting. The main focus while developing the vehicle anti-theft system is to protect our system from theft by providing the anti-theft protection. For the protection, first we should restrict the unlocking of vehicle, only to the authorized persons have this ability to unlock the car without the use of keys, once it has identified by the Fingerprint sensor. The Fingerprint of the owner and other authorized persons are stored into the database beforehand and at the time of starting engine of the vehicle, scanned fingerprints are being crosschecked with the database.
The past of biometrics includes the identification of people by distinctive body features, scars or a grouping of other physiological criteria, such like height, eye color and complexion. The present features are face recognition, fingerprints, handwriting, hand geometry, iris, vein, voice and retinal scan. Biometric technique is now becoming the foundation of a wide array of highly secure identification and personal verification. As the level of security breach and transaction scam increases, the need for well secure identification and personal verification technologies is becoming apparent. Recent world events had lead to an increase interest in security that will impel biometrics into majority use.
"While the Internet-based economy provides many benefits, it also raises new concerns for maintaining the privacy of information. “Internet privacy is the privacy and security level of personal data published via the Internet. It is a broad term that refers to a variety of factors, techniques and technologies used to protect sensitive and private data, communications, and preferences.â€[1] As the federal government’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)[2] explains: Every day, billions of people around the world use the Internet to share ideas, conduct financial transactions, and keep in touch with family, friends, and colleagues. Users send and store personal medical data, business communications, and even intimate conversations over this global network.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM 1. Management information system is an organized portfolio of a precise system for getting, processing, and giving information in anchor of the business operations and management of an organization. Types of Management system that is able to employ competitive advantage: • Transaction processing system for operational data processing that is desired, for example, to register consumer orders and to outturn invoices and payroll. • Management reporting systems competent of making reports for limited time periods, designed for managers culpable for limited functions in a firm. • Decision support system expressly designed for the support of individual and conjoint decision making.