Analysis Of The Social Model Of Disability

A Persons environment has huge impact on the experience and extent of disability. In accessible environments create barriers to participation and Inclusion (WHO, 2011). We have a moral duty to remove the barriers to participation and to invest sufficient funding and expertise to unlock the potential of people with disabilities. Government throughout world can no longer overlook the hundreds of millions of people with disabilities, who are denied access to health, rehabilitation, support, education and employment. (Professor Stephen W
Hawking) in World Disability Report 2011. The International Classification of Functioning,
Disability and Health (ICF) highlights “ Disability refers to difficulties in any or three areas of functioning, impairment,

2.0 Literature Review
There are five models of disability one is medical model, social model, Nagi model (1965),
International classification of Functioning (2001) by World Health Organisation and Amartya
Sen capability approach(2002) . The medical model of disability considers disability ‘a physical, mental, or psychological condition that limits a person’s activities’, linked to various medical conditions and viewed as a problem by the affected individual. The social model of
Valliappan Alagappan, Accessibility and Mobility impaired, ‘52nd ISOCARP Congress 2016
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disability views disability as ‘arising from the interaction of a person’s functional status with the physical, cultural, and policy environments’. The Nagi and capability model is an extension of social and medical models.
Accessibility is generally defined in all literature as ease of reaching a place or destination, but accessibility is not only reaching a place with ease, but carry out the functions internal to the building without any hindrance architecturally and environmentally. Accessibility

Accessibility to all for all types of citizen group is to be the mantra in all corners of the globe, by all the stakeholders (NGO, officials, elderly, differently abled, United Nations etc.) to counter attack the discrimination and societal exclusion.
Research undertaken in public buildings, particularly schools regard the physical accessibility in schools in 24 provinces across Afghanistan particularly Kandahar and balkh provinces to monitor and observe 1,725 public buildings including schools, universities, teacher training institutes, governmental organizations, hospitals, clinics, mosques and nongovernmental buildings (Hasanzada M. Taqi ,2002). A study conducted in Greater Boston for thirty public buildings regarding functional access to public buildings and facilities for persons with and without impairments using the variables like percentage of tasks performed, time, distance, barriers and facilitators and found variance in mean values of time and distance to complete tasks.(Thapar Neela et al, 2004). A study conducted in public buildins of Al Ain, UAE and found that highest compliance of mean 76% in the accessible route and 19% in the parking area (Daniel Rivano Fischer,