The Importance Of Discourse Analysis

Introduction A language has four systems which are: vocabulary, grammar, phonology, and discourse. So, discourse is mainly considered an important system of a language. The term (Discourse) is a piece of language, weather it is written or spoken, which has a meaning, purpose, and also unity. and meaning and purpose. More specifically, discourse analysis (DA) is one of the disciplines of social sciences that based on different sociologisticts approaches. These social disciplines include many such as: linguistics, sociology, education, cognitive psychology, social psychology, cultural studies, and communication studies, and translation studies. In addition, discourse analysis aims at studying and analyzing discourse in different

And coherent texts can be interpreted through their relations to some other. Such functions are called "grammatical cohesive devices". Essentially, any linguistic unit may focus on two important environments which are: extra linguistic environment and the linguistic environment. The extra linguistic environment is related to the situation in which the interpretation of an underlying device that lies outside the given context and it can be found through an examination of the context. While the linguistic environment is related to the context of a word which the language of the context accompanying the linguistic units under certain focus. (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) According to Halliday and Hasan, there are five general categories of cohesive devices that indicate coherence in texts which are: (1) reference " it refers to the elements of circumstances in which its identity is recoverable ", (2) ellipsis " it refers to the resources of omitting a clause, or groups of clause or maybe some part of it "

(3) substitution " it refers to the resource of place holders which can be used to signal the omission", (4) lexical cohesion " it refers to the complement of grammatical cohesion which involves the items of open system ", and (5) conjunction " it refers to the connectors which play a role to link clauses together in discourse ". (Schiffrin, et al.,

However, Martinkova gave an example of Czech spoken discourse. Czech spoken discourse includes many different aspects such as: non-literary, morphologic adjustments, corrections, slips, elliptic structures, anacolutha, contiguity and frequenct of a sound. Witten text from the textual standpoint, the words and particles evaluation are used with higher hesitation and in fact, it is more influenced by the need for a formulation within the relations of time-space. While spoken texts are mainly influenced by the actual situation in communications.

Coherence and Cohesion in Academic Writing In writing, coherence is meant by thought 's connection at the idea level, while cohesion means that thought 's connection at the sentence level. Importantly, the aspects of coherence include to develop and support the argument sentence or thesis statement, and to organize and clarify ideas. And the cohesion in writing based on the grammatical aspects. In order to improve the coherence in writing, it is suggested to use one of the a "concept map" as a guide. Such map is known as "reverse outline" which means that the writer make an outline of his/her paper. So, here are two important points that help the writer to ensure the coherence in writing, and to organize the ideas effectively:

 Write down the topic sentence of each section or