INTRODUCTION During the duration of this essay, I will be discussing and conceptualising ethics, more focused on what unethical research is. The term ethics can be broadly defined as the study of the ideas involved in practical reasoning of what is good, right, duty, obligation, virtue, freedom, rationality, and choice in everyday life (Oxford, 2017). In addition to this the term ethical research is interested in the study of ethical issues that is raised when people are involved as participants in research (Walton, n.d.). Brinkmann and Kvale (2008, p. 263) stated that most ethical complexities arise because of the investigation into others private lives and then making those findings public. Furthermore, I will look at what is unethical in research and how it is presented throughout the research process. Thereafter, I will investigate the most commonly found ethical issues and principles in conducting research. And I will be discussing what can be done by researches to prevent this sort of action. 1. WHAT IS UNETHICAL RESEARCH? Ethics in itself is a broad term that is an important factor in all occupations, in …show more content…
A researcher must ensure confidentiality for his or her participant, and the researcher’s job is to be focused on protecting the privacy of the parties involved, the subjects have the right to expect that their personal information will not be divulged (Hill, 2009, p. 63). It is important that there is a trusting relationship between the researcher and participant so that there is truthful information given, but the participant should be aware that there are limitations to their confidentiality. If there is speak of harm to self or others or abuse to self or others the researcher is legally obligated (through code of conduct) to tell authorities about this (Hill, 2009, p.
Ethics has always been important when conducting research. Research ethics govern the standards of conduct for scientific researchers. In conclusion, Institutional Review Boards were established as part of federal
In addition, steps were taken in 1970 to create boards to review and monitor research. This is known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB). Ethics has been evolving since the 1900s and continues to evolve today. There are general guidelines within research, and then within certain disciplines such as nursing there are further guidelines such as the Ethical Guidelines in the Conduct, Dissemination, and Implementation of Nursing Research (Polit & Beck, 2021). Truman Capote’s research for his book In Cold Blood was conducted during the time that research started to take a turn towards what it is
This article on ethics was really interesting and a dilemma that is prevalent within criminal justice. In the article Dr. Steven Davis recognized that students cheating in high school increased by 20% in the 1940 to 75% today. Davis stated, "If students lack ethics in high school and college, then there should be little surprise that they lack ethics in their careers. (2008). " This observation by Davis holds some value, because individuals that is willing to cheat to get ahead, definitely has no problem crossing ethical lines, because in their mind the wrong is acceptable, just as it was when they cheated.
(Crane and Matten 2010: 102-105) Analysis of the ethical theories used
The principle of informed consent come about in the late 1940s when physicians faced prosecution in the Nuremberg’s trials. Informed consent is a process that protects human beings by requiring doctors to obtain consent from patients before performing a procedure. Participants must fully understand the procedures, benefits, and risks before getting involved. The ethical problems include: 1. Communication barriers between participants (patients) and researchers (healthcare professionals) can create misunderstandings and prevent participants from making fully autonomous decisions.
When in the planning and preparation stages of a dissertation, doctoral students have many things to consider, such as how to choose a research topic, how to locate credible literature on the topic, how to collect the data, how to analyze the data, and how to present the findings in the most logical and articulate manner. Two things that are often overlooked are conducting ethical research and best practices in postsecondary research. In an effort to explore both of these concepts in detail, the following discussions will be broken into two parts. Part I will explore the concepts of ethical research involving human subjects, the Belmont Report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the American Educational Research Association
The code of ethics in which an individual abides by speaks volume. High ethical values are very important in every facet of life. Honesty, loyalty and trust worthiness make up the moral compass in which to live. This moral compass can often be blemished with the ugliness of immorality, deceit and greed. The Tuskegee Syphilis study and The Stanford Prison Experiment are experiments indicative of how research and an individual’s ethical values can become distorted.
Ethical concerns in clinical trials The goal of clinical research is to develop knowledge that improves human health or increases our understanding of human biology. People participating in clinical research make this scarce knowledge available to scientists. The way to find out if a new drug or treatment is safe or effective, for example, is to test it on patient volunteers. But this clearly puts a human life at risk for the betterment of others.
Discuss the methodological and ethical issues which are apparent in this study. How have the findings impacted the psychological field? One methodological issue with the Bain et al refrigerator study is that type of experiment used. Having used a laboratory experiment, all variables were under strict control and this does not reflect the true nature of the situation the children were placed in. Children trapped inside a refrigerator would not escape by pressing a panel on the floor, thus the experiment has features which do not reflect an accurate representation of a real life situation (Bain et al, 1958).
The ethical principles brought about are distinguishing between research and routine medical care, establishing the risk to benefit ratio, determining the guidelines for choosing participants, and requiring informed consent. IRBs are boards that were created to oversee proposed research studies. Every detailed study must be submitted to this diverse group of individuals for approval. The findings are then posted in the Belmont Report. The Belmont Report identifies basic ethical principles and guidelines that should be applied (Rebar & Gersch,
The movie Capote (2005) posed many ethical issues in relation to the way qualitative information was conducted. The first of which being the study, or research design, was not approved or monitored by a review board, ethics board or review committees. Capote read about a murder that had occurred in a small town in Kansas and came up with the idea to write about it. There was no informed consent shared with members of the community that he and Harper Lee spoke with regarding the murders. I do not believe that many members of the community were even aware that he was working on a writing, and felt he was just a concerned citizen.
Ethical Considerations when conducting social research Question 1: Describe ethical issues associated with conducting research with culturally diverse, socially disenfranchised, and vulnerable populations. As students and practitioners of Social Work; national and personified codes demonstrate the importance of; personal autonomy and self-determination, with protections of vulnerable populations, with promotion of social welfare and equity for all. Including provisions upholding ethical standards and considerations when researching culturally diverse, socially disenfranchised and vulnerable populations (Gostin, 1991). Ethically speaking; researchers should treat individuals fairly with relevance and unbiased selection.
Introduction Qualitative research are those kind of researches that an outcome is obtained without the application of statistical methods of data analysis (Strauss and Corbin, 1990 cited in Golafshani, 2003). However, the qualitative research takes a direct approach, where the researchers arrive at a conclusion through the observation of events as they occur naturally without external interferences (Golafshani, 2003). Ethical and methodological issues may arise, therefore in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of Qualitative research it is important to integrate rigour and trustworthiness. Potential ethical issues There is the need to take into consideration ethical issues that may arise from conducting qualitative researches.
The authors’ supporting argument is that in order to combat these problems of informed consent and ethical approval, the only logical solution is to develop an inclusive, ethical approach model. Throughout the article they introduce their development of responses to the problems encountered in the field and the ethical approval process. In doing so, they briefly demonstrate how the system lacks an effective model and the factors that need to be taken into account when building an ethical model. “Each of the authors drew on a combination of internal and external resources so as to develop more inclusive ethical approaches to obtaining consent from their vulnerable research participants” (Czymoniewicz-Klippel, Brijnath, & Crockett, 2010, p. 337).
A breach of confidentiality could be detrimental to a person financially and socially. When concerning epidemiology this risk is exponential dealing with entire communities. A community must have trust with the health care field, so that they know the most current recommendations do not have ulterior motives. Maintaining confidentiality is done in many ways. When using information for studies there are ways to have information presented within the study to protect individual’s confidentiality.