Ethnic conflict is one of the major threats to international peace and security. It can be characterized as conflicts that have been going on for some time between ethnic groups within a multi-ethnic state. Usually, it is between two major groups who are fighting for the power or sovereignty of a country, state, or territory. In Tina Kempin Reuter’s (2010) article, she states that “[e]thnic conflicts are often accompanied by gross human rights violations, such as genocide and crimes against humanity, and by economic decline, state failure, environmental problems, and refugee flows” (p. 141). There are three general issues of ethnic conflicts: one, their desire for independence; two, their demand for greater power; and three, their demand for recognition and protection of minority interest within a society. In this proposal, I will be examining why some countries manage ethnic conflict better than others. The cases I will be focusing on are Nigeria and South Africa, and the focal point of this paper is that ethnic conflict is a product of a skewed economy and authoritarian governance. This paper proposes that ethnic conflicts are mainly due to colonialism and have been the heart of both countries’ development problems. South Africa and Nigeria are a good comparison because they are both motivated by similar political approaches to succeed in conflict through national reconciliation, consensus building and economic growth. Both were also shaped by the assumptions and
A Separate Peace, Unit Test Hamza Eldohiri The story “A Separate Peace”, written by John Knowles, was written at the time and takes place during World War II when battles and conflicts amongst nations were evident. Each nation involved struggled and fought their hardest in order to satisfy the good of their nation. Not only is the setting in the story taking place during this time of quarrel, the story also demonstrates areas of self-conflict and an internal battle throughout. The characters in “A Separate Peace”, are described as experiencing this self-conflicting, internal battle. Gene (also the narrator) is specifically depicted as he goes through his battle in life.
This essay argues that states that are ethnically and culturally similar are more likely to engage in conflicts over
The book A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, the main character Ismael Beah tells a story of his first hand account of Sierra Leone’s civil war. Ismael Beah was a boy soldier who went from village to village with his brother and some friends in search of food and shelter. Beah was eventually brainwashed into thinking that what the group was doing would make up for his own family’s death. While his is fighting for the government he is heavily drugged to the point that he believes that what he is doing is the right thing. His lieutenant ended up letting him go with UNICEF so they can have better lives.
The two arguments have many similarities, especially in the foundation
Africa In World Politics: Engaging a Changing Global Order by John Harbenson and Donald Rothchild gives an analysis of how Africa has changed from being a European ruled colonial nation to a nation that it creating a name for itself in the global sphere. Beginning with Africa’s politics during the colonial era through the present. The book provides not only details about Africa but also how the changing world has affected African politics. The main focus of this book is to show the growth Africa has had since its time of colonization. Africa has grown as the world has changed although it has had to deal with internal conflicts and demands for political change due to its authoritarian regimes.
Precious Knowledge presents the controversial issue of the integration of ethnic studies courses in schooling. Ethnic studies is the study of cultural, racial, ethnic, and gender differences in America. In this essay, I will argue Ethnic studies courses should belong in P-12 schooling, because the classes endorse ideals of America. In addition, people rely on the courses to learn critical thinking of the empowerment of identity. Although advocates for the abolishment of ethnic studies courses argue that the courses create a sense of contempt towards America through racism and are not remarkably significant, they do not fully comprehend the success from ethnic studies and that by taking away the classes, they only promote their fear of students disliking America.
While Africa has had its offer of between states wars, the lion's share of its contentions were inner, and these inward clashes give off an impression of being expanding, as somewhere else. A shocking consider this is that the non-military personnel populaces endure the worst part of the losses in such clashes, assessed at some 80-90 for every penny of aggregate setbacks over the world. These contentions cause setbacks and displaced people as well as contribute inconceivably to the spread of illness, lack of healthy sustenance and starvation, social and monetary decay and good
War and genocide have historically been closely related and even described as Siamese twins. Genocide can occur without war but war cannot occur without some elements of genocide as the distinction between legitimate war and genocide is not clear. War is defined as an armed conflict between different nations or groups within a nation. Scholars who have studied the relationship between war and genocide have argued that they are one in the same. It is a very convincing argument especially when examining the UN Convention on genocide.
Both shared common themes based on causes in terms of
The Civil War began in 1861 and ended in 1865. Between the North and South, the Civil War determined what kind of nation the United States would be. The fight was mostly over the rights people should get. Things such as Slavery and Westward expansion really set it off. Slavery had divided the United States from the beginning.
Sometimes internal wars can be fought just as vehemently and result in as many casualties as an external war. John Knowles shows us this in his novel, A Separate Peace. During the time of this story, WW2 rages on, whilst the main character, Gene Forrester, battles his own internal conflicts just as violently. From the beginning, you can see that the entire novel is revolved around the happenings of World War 2.
He contends that when an individual or group is denied its major requirement for identity, security, acknowledgment or equivalent investment inside of the general public, extended conflict is inescapable. To determine such conflict, it is essential that needs that are debilitated be distinguished and along these lines rebuilding of connections or the social framework happen in a way that needs of all people and groups are suited (Burton John, 1991,p82). For instance, this model can be helpful in the cases of African conflicts, for example, that of Darfur, Burundi, Dr Congo and Rwanda conflicts, where there are limitations on opportunity and support of its nationals in political and monetary
Rwanda has a history of deep rooted conflict which originates back to when it was once a colony of Germany. Once it became a colony of Belgium after world war one this conflict also came with it, The conflict that exists is thus of two ethnic tribal groups the; Hutus and the Tutsis and their strong hatred of one another. Rwandans myths seems to indicate that Hutu and Tutsi identities did exist before the colonization but the hatred of two predominate ethnic tribal groups of one another only came into existence after colonization. This conflict between them has nothing to with religion, race or language it is to do with territory and the ownership of Rwanda. It is because of the colonies exploitation and classification of the Rwandan people into“an ethnic group” that the conflict seemed to come to a head.
With over a million Angolans killed and their development stunted, Angola’s political structure has been left broken, and their government is now weak and corrupt. The proxy war impacted the nations participating in the global fight between democracy and communism. While the war was a victory for democracy and affected the outcome of the Cold War, the civil war was very damaging to Angola itself. This is why many historians, along with myself, believe that the colonization of Angola was deleterious to Angola’s political structure and development. This can be seen in Angola’s transition from a relatively mighty kingdom, to a kingdom where the people were forced into labor by their settlers, to a country that became a battle field of a proxy war, and finally to a corrupt democracy.
“Conflict is a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power, and resources, in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure, or eliminate the rivals”. (L. Coser,