Before identifying the common injuries and illnesses in the outdoors, let us first have a common understanding of what first aid is. The term first aid refers to administration of care to prevent deterioration of the victim, to aid recovery and to preserve life. Generally, first aid entails some simple but often life-saving ways that most people can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. On a technical level, it is not identified as medical treatment and should not be compared to what a trained medical profession might do. First aid as they say is a combination of simple procedures and an application of some common sense.
Along the discussion in this chapter, the symbol will be used to indicate emergency or urgency of the situation
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Cuts, scrapes and punctures
Wounds, cuts and lacerations can be caused anywhere from rock climbing, cutting self from knife, stumbling.
To treat minor cuts, scrapes and punctures:
Wash your hands with soap and water or antibacterial cleanser;
Stop the bleeding by applying direct pressure to the injured area with a clean cloth, paper towel or piece of gauze. If blood soaks through the material, don’t remove it. Put more cloth or gauze on top of it and continue to apply pressure.
If wound is on the arm or leg, raise limb above the heart to help slow bleeding
Wash the wound with clean, cool water and mild soap.
Apply an antibiotic ointment to reduce chance of infection.
Place a sterile bandage on the wound and secure with medical tape
Do not apply tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe and does not stop even with direct pressure
Emergency personnel must be called immediately if :
Severe bleeding
You suspect there is internal bleeding
There is an abdominal or chest wound
Bleeding can't be stopped after 10 minutes despite the firm and steady pressure
Blood spurts out of wound
b. Sprains, strains and
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It may be stretched or torn be due to twisting or pulling of a muscle or tendon. It might been caused by a recent injury, lifting of heavy object such as the backpack the wrong way or overstressing the muscle from hiking. Common sites for a strain are the back and the hamstring muscle in the back of the thigh. When strained, one may feel pain, muscle spasms or weakness, swelling, cramping, trouble moving the muscle. If the muscle or tendon is torn completely, it will cause great pain and will be difficult to move it. To treat a sprain or strain, remember RICE- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate
have the patient rest on a safe even ground
reduce the swelling by applying ice or a cold compress.
Compression: Compression helps limit and reduce swelling, which may delay healing. Some people also feels relief from pain from compression. An easy way to compress the area of the injury is to wrap it with athletic tape or bandage. In using an athletic tape, make a basket-weave pattern:
• apply an "anchor strip" around the back of the calf.
• Place another anchor strip under the instep of the foot.
• Apply the “stirrup strip” down the calf, over the ankle, under the foot and back around to the top anchor
Diana quickly gets some water from a nearby stream and puts the pot on the fire. Quickly, Aria lays the wet towel on the wound. Using two fingers, she applies pressure to it until the wound stops bleeding. Dexterously, she then takes a new towel, dips it into the hot water, adds some antibiotics and carefully rubs it against the cut. “Have you ever done this before?”
14.Both. They can help with reconstruction later. 15.Bloodborne pathogens 16.You should wear neoprene gloves for bases and polyvinyl chloride gloves for oils. 17.This is when you are required to treat all blood or bodily fluids as if they are infected.
I then folded the gauze over the grated potato and placed it on the wound and covered it with a bandaid and finally saran wrap. This was left there for 4 hours and then changed. After changing the poultice it was left overnight and in the morning the poultice was taken off and the sore was once again cleaned with water and finally
Compress your knee with an elastic bandage and elevate on while laying down, the injured knee should be above the heart. Anti-inflammatory medication is also effective when trying to reduce pain. If you are not having instability in your knee then most of the average people let it heal on it 's own because they wouldn 't have to take to risk of surgery (Cluett 25). Surgery is a risk, many athletes are concerned about the small risk of transmission of infections. Diseases like AIDS can be transferred because of the true graft operation where an ACL is taken from a dead human and used as the ligament of someone else.
Choose activities that do not cause you pain or discomfort. Take medicines only as directed by your health care provider. Do stretching exercises as directed for your legs and especially the large muscles in the front of the thigh (quadriceps) as directed. Keep all follow-up visits as directed by your health care provider. This is important.
If a sponge or an instrument fell on the floor it was washed and squeezed in a basin of tap water and used as if it were clean. Our silk to tie blood vessels was undisinfected.... The silk with which we sewed up all wounds was undisinfected. If there was any difficulty in threading the needle we moistened it with bacteria laden saliva, and rolled it between bacteria-infected fingers. We dressed the wounds with clean but undisinfected sheets, shirts, tablecloths, or other old soft linen rescued from the family ragbag.
Stop the bleeding and place a sterile bandage or clean cloth on the wound. Press the bandage firmly with your palm to control bleeding. Maintain pressure by binding the wound tightly with a bandage or a piece of clean cloth. Secure with adhesive tape. Use your hands if nothing else is available.
This is so that the hamstring will gain back flexibility and elasticity while healing as well as strength. Exercises to help stretch the muscle at the beginning of the treatment may include the straight leg hamstring stretch. This should be felt in the back of the leg but it shouldn’t be painful. The aim of this stretch is to get a little elasticity to the healing tissue. The stretch should be repeated twice a day in 3 sets of 10 seconds.
The fourth thing I learned was the care for shock. Every injury affects the circulatory system, so it is very important for the first
Effective clinical leaders have been linked to facilitating and maintaining healthier workplaces, by driving cultural change among all health professionals in the workplace. To achieve these positive outcomes, clinical leaders need to be seen as credible – that is, be recognized by colleagues as having clinical competence and have the skills and capacity to effectively support and communicate with members of multidisciplinary clinical teams. Taking an individual perspective, effective clinical leaders require personal qualities that reflect positive attitudes toward their own profession, have the courage and capacity to challenge the status, effectively address quality issues, and engage in reflective practice (Daly J, Jackson D, Mannix J,
Achilles Tendinitis Achilles (uh-kill-eez) tendinitis is a condition affecting the band of tissue that connects the calf muscles in the back of the lower part of the leg to the heel bone, which is the Achilles tendon. The band of tissue connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone may become stiff, tender, and even painful, in the Achilles tendon and surrounding parts of the foot and leg, especially in the morning or after hours of sleep. The feelings associated with the Achilles tendon can be mild to moderate and even severe if left untreated.
The red lines that swirl stand for the blood of course, the white is for the bandage or the dressing that covered the cut, and the actual pole symbolizes a cane that the individual would squeeze and hold on to so their veins would be able to show more. European colonists brought along the procedure of bloodletting when they came to America. What I found really interesting when I was doing research on this topic was what I mentioned previously, that our first president George Washington died from bloodletting (CITATION4). He was getting medical care for a throat infection and died when he had liters of blood drained from his body. Another person that died from bloodletting was King Charles II.
Immediate Actions of the Medcial Assistant: The standard care for this emergency is to get medical attention immediatley. Then care for patient untill help arrive. Frist if the paptient has a EpiPen follow the direction and package insert. Until the EMS come a mdeical assistant can lay the patient down,loosen the patient 's clothing,check for an open airway, and check breathing.
Aspirin as DVT Prophylaxis in Rehabilitation Inpatients Christin Porro University of Michigan Aspirin as DVT Prophylaxis in Rehabilitation Inpatients Introduction Blood clots are one of the leading causes of preventable hospital deaths in the United States. Blood clots (DVT and PE) affect upwards of 600,000 Americans each year and cause more deaths each year than the more well-publicized conditions of breast cancer, AIDS, and motor vehicle accidents ("DVT awareness," 2013, para. 1). An estimated $10 billion in medical costs in the US each year can be attributed to DVT and PE ("DVT awareness," 2013, para. 1)
Sit and bend the knee of your cramped leg, bringing your leg up toward the chest. There is an acupressure point in your calf muscle on the back of your leg. It is located about halfway between the back of your knee and your heel, right at the bottom of your calf muscle bulge. Press and hold the point for 1 minute or until you feel the cramp easing