According to Resnik, Steinkraus, & Langer (1999), gene therapy defines as the medical procedures that use DNA in the therapeutic treatment of human disease. There are two types of gene therapy – germline gene therapy and somatic gene therapy. Germline Gene therapy is the introduction and modification of DNA in embryos or reproductive cell to treat disease (Giacca, 2010; Resnik, Steinkraus, & Langer, 1999). Somatic gene therapy is the manipulation of DNA in body cells to treat disease (Resnik, Steinkraus, & Langer, 1999). According to Journal of Gene Medicine (2015), from 1989 to July 2015, there are over two thousand clinical trials on gene therapy. The types of gene therapy trials on human has been expended. Recently, UK scientists seek permission …show more content…
Informed consent is the process of seeking the consent of a patient to a medical procedure (Bowman, Spicer, & Iqbal, 2011). It also allows doctors and patients to consider the ethical code and prevent any legal issues. In the germline gene therapy, the operation is mainly conducted on the embryo and foetus. The genetic diseases are detected in advance by gene mapping, such as cystic fibrosis. The patient, the foetus, has not be informed before the therapy as he or she is still in gravidity. That is the moral obligation of doctors to explain the procedures thoroughly to the patient for its risk and the type of approach used (Walters, Palmer, & Johnson, 1997). The decision is mainly made by their parents and not the baby itself. As ‘one made, it could not be corrected back’, patient may not agree to the procedures when they grow up and leads to a legal issues. Furthermore, it is also immoral to operate on foetus as the risk of operation is high. The effects of gene therapy are unpredictable. In spite of curing the, other mutations may also occurred. This significantly affects the growth of the child and may introduce physical and mental illness (Friedmann, 2000).
Even though the idea of informed consent protect the patient right, the age of consent may hinder the possible treatment for the younger patient, who are not eligible for consent of medical
Green briefly touches on gene therapy that aims to cure diseases in an individual. He also considers the fact that this is therapy is particularly risky and dangerous, he holds strong with his idea that, “if the disease is serious enough […] it is usually worth trying.” (pg. 56). Green then moves onto the second ‘square’ of this chapter-germline gene therapy. Green goes much more deeply into this section, mostly because this subject often
So it is a kind of risk management and indicates responsible person (14). In taking informed consent, clinician should pursue ethics and pay their respects to patient decisions about practice and his autonomy. Consent should be voluntary and patient should have a good perception of nature of proposed practice. Because, legally, any practice without consent is equal public rights violation
Introduction Dr. Gress’s view that the results of a genetic test should be withheld from patients if they are positive is paternalistic, immoral, and does not consider the autonomy of the individual. He holds the position that notifying patients of their genetic status is too harmful and that it is a doctor’s duty to withhold information that could be devastating; however, in doing so, he violates many ethical principles that doctors should exercise. This paper will give an overview on the topic of genetic testing and the ethical and moral problems associated with it, an analysis rejecting Dr. Gress’s view, and a response to an objection to the thesis of which this paper is based on. Presentation of Topic
By Jonas Wilson, Ing. Med. Patient Informed Consent and Anesthesiology Informed consent may be defined as the process whereby a patient has the right to reject or accept therapy after being provided with information about the benefits and risks of that therapy. In more direct terms, informed consent is formulated on the legal and moral grounds of patient autonomy.
In Particular Mayo clinic laboratory conducts Theresearch about Xenotransplantation and Gene therapy (Christopher G. Mcgregor Overview Xenotransplantation-Gene therapy). The main intent of this paper is to discuss the dilemma that has surrounded the issue of xenotransplantation and also to view the
In the health care field, the concept of informed consent allows patients to make their own decisions regarding their health care. A patient and physician have a discussion about the details of a medical process. They must discuss risks, alternatives and outcome of treatment. If a patient agrees to the terms of treatment then they are allowing or giving consent to the physician. Patient education and communication are vital during this process.
M6D1 Ethics and Genetic Testing As we all can agree, our genes play a highly important role in making us who we are as humans. If the information produce by genes is normal than everything can turn out normal and infants can be born healthy. There are those incidents the genetic information produce by genes is wrong and results of this information can lead to injury, disease, and/or illness of the fetus (Munson, 2012).
In addition to helping unborn babies and ending hereditary diseases, gene editing can be used to cure and treat a variety of conditions and diseases. In society today, the population of developed countries is dying because of diseases like cancer and heart disease. Gene editing can modify different cells in the human body to attack cancer cells and heal damaged tissue. Recently, scientists used gene editing therapy to make a leukemia patient cancer-free. The researchers treated the patient by modifying her T cells into CAR T cells, which would track and destroy cancer cells.
Gene editing is the alteration of a person’s genetic material to delete undesirable traits or to create desirable new ones. Scientists can identify a defective DNA strand to be cut out and changed, then they use a protein that acts like scissors to cut out the improper gene and cells, then a healthy strand of DNA is inserted at the cut site and enzymes repair it (Crow). The goal of gene editing is to treat genetic disorders. Gene editing could potentially decrease or even
I want you all to imagine a world with no diseases and maybe even no cancer. Seems pretty impossible right? Well, with gene therapy that could all change. B. Background and Audience Relevance: Gene therapy is essentially using genes as drugs for the treatment of human disease. In the future, this experimental technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient’s cells instead of using medicine or surgery.
Therapeutic cloning is where cells are taken from a host subject, more than often it is a human, and use them to create or to treat the person. This type of cloning stemmed from stem cell research when scientist had figured out cells can be used to produces and repair organs. Than in the medical field it is referred to as somatic cell nuclear transfer of SCNT for short (Liu par. 2). The best part to this type of cloning though is that it is not considered reproduction because no sperm is being used (“Cloning” par. 3).
I do believe that gene therapy is acceptable. With that being said, there is a lot of different things you could do with it, either good or bad. It should only be used to save someone 's life or to permanently get rid of some sort of pain. Like it or not there is research and millions of dollars being put into the gene therapy process. Any type of disorder, disease, or syndrome should be accepted to undergo gene therapy.
“The main arguments against genetic modification of human embryos are that it would be unsafe and unfair, and that modification would quickly go beyond efforts to reduce the incidence of inherited maladies” (Caplan). During the altering genes in the mother 's womb cause a lot of dangerous situations and
Therefore, every patient who receives treatment from a health care provider should realize and understand regarding their rights to obtain information that relates with their condition. Sometimes, certain treatment which involves invasive procedures such as surgical interventions, kidney biopsy, and even a blood transfusion procedure needs the patient to sign a consent form in order to show that they are agree and understand with all the consequences that might occur later. Informed consent is the autonomous authorization obtained after the surgeon explains and describes regarding the nature of the actual problem, any alternative treatments
This method has been proven effective through a study in inherited kidney disease. By knowing personal information and what ailments a person is subject to early on, that person can be prepared for the disease and attack it the disease in its early stages for a better chance of survival Gene therapy is a treatment that alters the genes in a person’s DNA in an effort to cure a specific disease. Now that scientists have a better understanding of DNA than before, they are beginning to manipulate a person’s DNA to express the correct genes and . First performed in 1990, an immunodeficiency disorder was cured in a young girl who then lived a healthy life afterwards. While this cure is not yet widespread, it is preparing to be a common procedure that gives a light to people and families affected by