The Importance Of Green Photonics

Abstract– Today Energy and climate crisis raises many questions about the viability of future products and services. All these must take into account society’s needs, energy challenges and sustainability concerns. Green Photonics has promising potential to be smart, green and social at the same time. The importance of Green Photonics or understanding how optics can be used for applications that help protect the environment is demonstrated in this paper. This paper give an overview of green photonics and also demonstrate the role of photonics in various areas like solar energy production, solid state lighting ,Sensing applications etc. major part of the paper cover the efficient improvement of solar cell using photonic crystal also the future

The contribution of photonics is considered "green" because it can generates or conserves energy, reduces pollution, yields an environmentally sustainable outcome or improves public health. The impact of green photonics is not only in solar energy generation and solid state lighting but also in envirment sensing. So it is one of the promising fields in electronics of energy conservation.

Green photonics[1] is a the term used to encompass the application of photonics technologies that can generates or conserve energy cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce pollution or yield environmentally sustainable outputs.

Green photonics cover abroad range of photonics technologies and applications such as photovoltaic electricity generation, high efficiently solid state lighting, new energy efficient communication technologies, optical sensing for improved energy efficiency and reduce pollution and clean manufacturing using laser processing. Over the coming decade, the lighting domain will make a transition from the traditional technology to new digital technologies, built around LEDs & OLEDs, photonic sensors, and built-in

Diffraction gratings are an interesting option for thin film solar cell. The most concepts demonstrated in the past few years aim for a path length enhancement in such solar cells [Mor02][Nig02][Ber07].one of the main advantages of using thin solar cell is that structuring the active medium is not necessarily needed if a structured substrate is used. So that the losses induced by damages at rear surface can be reduced.

2.2.2 Back side gratings with a pyramidally textured front surface for solar cells– To examine the effects of a grating one possibility is to compare the light paths before and after diffraction. The workhorse for front surface textured mono-crystalline silicon solar cells is pyramidal texture. Especially for a regular texture with inverted pyramids [Cam87], the main paths of the internal light may be obtained analytically [Sch94] (Figure 5.2). For a first analytical estimation of the effect of inverted pyramids. The model shown in fig2.6 has been adopted.

Fig2.6: Path of the light for the case of a double reflection on opposite surfaces in a pyramidally textured solar