ABSTRACT: Image mining is a part of data mining in the field that handles with the hidden knowledge extraction. Scanned images plays a significant role in image mining research, it analysis the images using numerous techniques which improves the quality of the images. The two important components of image mining are image enhancement and information extraction. Image enhancement techniques are used to improve the quality of image where as information extraction techniques extract the statistical information about portion of an image or any particular image. Document images may contain both scanned machine printed documents and handwritten documents. Scanned Machine printed documents might have been produced using various technologies with …show more content…
Various noise techniques are available in image processing for adding noise such as salt and pepper, guassian, speckle, periodic, average, adaptive noise, etc. This paper is compared with two techniques salt and pepper noise and Gaussian noise. Salt and pepper also known as impulse noise, it is caused by sharp & sudden disturbance in the document images. Guassian noise is caused by random fluctuations in the signal and modeled by random values added to an image [10]. In salt and pepper noise pixels of the image are very different in color or intensity from their surrounding pixels, generally this type of noise will only affect a small number of image pixels. In Gaussian noise, each pixel in the image will be changed from its original value by a small amount. With the comparison of both methods this paper has analyzed salt and pepper noise is best comparing to Gaussian noise. The results of adding noise is displayed in Figure 3.3 and Figure …show more content…
Contrast stretching (often called normalization) is a simple image enhancement technique that attempts to improve the contrast in an image by stretching the range of intensity values it contains to span a desired range of values, e.g. the full range of pixel values that the image type concerned allows. The stretching is a common technique and can be quite effective if utilized properly and measures the difference in optic density, radiation transmission, pixel brightness, or other parameters between two adjacent areas in a radiographic image. Bold technique is used to darken the each text in the document images hence it is easily readable than the prior stage. Contrast Stretching is demonstrated in Figure 3.7 and bold image displays the Figure
The output resulted from this focus on the high frequency content in the image without changing anything in the image phase. This result with an image enhanced in contrast sometime this enhancement results with ugly artifacts. 3.5- Logarithmic Transform Domain Transform Domain allow us or gives us the ability to show the frequency content of the image, however it is uninformative or compacted. In figure (3) this will be obvious .By working on the problem we discovered that the solution is to take the logarithm of the image.
13 3.4 Non Functional Requirements • Performance: Handwritten characters in the input image will be recognized with an accuracy of about 90% and
Density Function ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) { } ∫ ( ) b) Summarize the importance of Gaussian random variable The Gaussian density enters in all areas of science and technology. Accurate description of many practical and significant quantities which are the results of small independent random effects. The importance stems from its accurate description of many practical and significant real-world quantities.
After, the color space transformation we are going to extracts the texture vector from that image using sparse texture model. The texture vectors are represented as a set of distributions which is used to cluster the texture data using K-means clustering algorithm. Finding the number of clusters which consists set of texture distributions used to calculate TD metric. After, calculating the TD metric, the image is over segmented using SRM algorithm, which results the image being divided into large number of regions. Next, each region is independently classified as representing normal skin or lesion based on the textural contents of that region.
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1. Write a brief introduction about the diagnostic imaging modality. Nuclear medicine is a section of medical imaging that uses radioactive medication known as radiotracers or radiopharmaceutical (Understanding nuclear medicine, 2009). Radiotracers are given to the patient through injection, swallowing or inhalation, which makes the body radioactive for a short time. The radiation is detected by a special camera, and then the image is produced.
The Ontology of the Photographic Image André Bazin André Bazin through “The Ontology of the Photographic Image” examines how the mechanically produced photographic image is superior to the manual plastic arts for preserving humans and reality through representation. Bazin explores the existence of the photographic image through his essay. Plastic arts were used in the Egyptian civilization to preserve human beings.
In the given passage of “Our Inner Conflicts” chapter6 “The Idealized Image”, it shows a person who has neurotic tendency of photoshopping his image that “the compulsive nature of the drives had been obscured and was replaced by a belief in innate qualities and gifts (Our Inner Conflicts p. 105)”. Prince Sooyang (Sooyang-Daegoon / 수양대군) who is main character of Korean fictional plot named “The Face Reader”, becomes king Sae-joe with a conspiracy and kills his nephew King Dan-jong. He has a cruel personality that he always doubts his surrounding people and eliminates who does not want to follow him. His neurotic obsession of “The Idealized Image” is best described in 3 scenes of the plot.
Abstract— Face recognition is one of the most important biometric and face image is a biometrics physical feature use to identify people. Major and Minor segments of face space are eyes, nose and mouth. In biometrics quality face is the most imperative characteristic method for recognize individuals. High intra-class variety inside face pictures of the same individual is the significant issue in face distinguishment. Posture, statement and enlightenment are in charge of high intra-class variety.