Intergroup communication in Spain focuses mainly on the interactions between the Spanish State and the coexisting national minorities. Spain is a state divided into autonomous communities, three of which - Galicia, Basque Country and Catalonia - are denominated historical communities, having each one its own language, that coexists co-officially with Castilian, the official language in all the State. Because national identities are not fixed but mutable in the face of political, economic and social circumstances, the dynamics established between Spain and these historical communities is a very recurrent theme of study and analysis. However, research conducted from the perspective of intergroup communication is very scarce. The mutability of national identities is explicitly stated in an alarming way in the current highly conflictive intergroup communication between the Spanish State and Catalonia. This Autonomous Community has gone from a cultural claim in the nineteenth century to a pact-based ethnopolitical vindication from the 1980s until the beginning of the 21st century. However, the Spanish state, from its stance of an unique and essentialist nation, is facing today a Catalonia that claims recognition as a nation and a strong self-government. These demands have led to a strong polarization between the parties to such an extent that the …show more content…
Keywords: Spain, Catalonia, intergroup conflict, identity management strategies, intergroup relations, ethnolinguistic vitality
In the online article by Max J. Castro, Ph. D, The Future of Spanish in the United States, the author effectively uses his credibility to link facts and history of other languages to Spanish along with appealing to the reader’s emotions to explain why the longevity of the Spanish language is possibly threatened in the United States. In his article, Castro refers to a plethora of statistical information about Spanish as a language in the United States, including that it is predicted to be the largest Spanish speaking country in the world by 2050. Even today Spanish is by far the second most spoken language in America, second only to English. Although the amount of Spanish speakers is increasing, Castro also mentions in his article, largely concerned,
Huntington’s article is an example of how the inequity and racisms in the history of the border that Hernandez discussed has been carried out and resulted in immigrant bashing and ethnic prejudice being mainstreamed. Huntington’s article is composed of six factors of concern: contiguity, scale, illegality, regional concentration, persistence, and historical presence. When looked at carefully and analyzed, Huntington’s article is nothing more than hate disguised as academic media. Huntington refers to and talks about these immigrants as the main “suspects” of illegal immigration and the cause of many issues in the U.S. Huntington holds a Anglo perspective on the issue of immigration, the same perspective and ideas that the border patrol officers of the past had, explained by Hernandez in her book. Huntington states, “ Anglo protestant values built the American dream” (Huntington).
Similar to how Aristotle and other individuals took a keen interest in the study of rhetoric and selected a particular area of focus, the authors in this essay concentrate on race and race relations. Initially, it points out that the evaluation and analysis of how race is integrated within the study of rhetoric and how it affects various cultures is still in its premature stages. The article is an
The United States Census Bureau recently reported that the Hispanic population is becoming the largest ethnic minority in the country. For example, in 1980, Hispanics made up 6.4 % of the total population in the United States (US); and in 2000, the Hispanic population grew to over 12.5 % of the total population in the United States (US). It is projected that European Americans will numerically become a minority in the upcoming years, and that the Hispanic population will constitute 31 percent of the nation 's population by 2060, making the United States (US) the second largest Hispanic population following Mexico (citation A5). States, like California and Texas, can be used as an example for this shift already occurring. It is apparent that
One of the social issues in the film El Norte is losing one’s identity. The identity of Rosa and Enrique were continuously challenged by their community. Rosa and Enrique had to give up their identity as they migrate to El Norte for the purpose of safety and security. At El Norte, both Rosa and Enrique adapted new values deemed appropriate and essential in their new community. Their effort to adapt new values is highlighted, especially when Enrique had to choose between working out of states or staying with Rosa.
For example, in the United States, a xenophobic group named U.S. English proposes that people should only speak English. Espada informs, “U.S. English devotes its energies to opposing bilingual
My Rhetorical Analysis Language is a part one’s identity and culture, which allows one to communicate with those of the same group, although when spoken to someone of another group, it can cause a language barrier or miscommunication in many different ways. In Gloria Anzaldua’s article, “How to Tame a Wild Tongue”, which was taken from her book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, she is trying to inform her readers that her language is what defines her. She began to mention how she was being criticized by both English and Spanish Speakers, although they both make up who she is as a person. Then, she gave convincing personal experiences about how it was to be a Chicana and their different types of languages. Moreover, despite the fact that her language was considered illegitimate, Anzaldua made it clear that she cannot get rid of it until the day she dies, or as she states (on page 26) “Wild tongues can’t be, they can only be cut out.”
It clear that from the time of Junípero Serra until now, outside forces have controlled the past, the present, and the future of the California Native
During the Chicano Nationalist Movement, a well-known speaker, Rodolfo ‘Corky’ Gonzales, delivered a speech titled Chicano Nationalism: Victory for La Raza. In this speech, Rodolfo Gonzales tries to unify the Latin American people within the United States by using the idea of a family and to create a new political organization for the Chicano people. This speech was a cumulation of various ideas which stemmed from his own life, the experiences of the Chicano people, and the Chicano Nationalist Movement in general. Each of these factors contributed to the context of the speech and how the ideas within the speech are presented by Rodolfo Gonzales. Rodolfo ‘Corky’ Gonzales was born to Federico and Indalesia Gonzales, two Mexican immigrants, on June 18, 1928.
When I moved to California eight years ago, I always asked myself “why do people think that because we speak Spanish we are from the same country and we are classified as Latinos?” at the beginning it was so offensive that people would ask me “Are you Latina from Mexico or EL Salvador?” I used to get so upset and tell them “No! I am from Ecuador and I am Hispanic”. Despite, the fact that Latinos and Hispanics speak and uses Spanish as their primary language for communication, this does not mean that we are all from the same country, share the same culture and food, and that the meaning of words are the same.
The Warwick debate provides approaches to the study of nationalism. It laid the foundation for the development of two approaches to the study of nationalism. The first approach is Smith’s primordial approach and the other is Gillnets modernist approach. Smith’s argument begins with the definition of nationalism and the difference between a state and a nation.
Moving on to the idea of nationalism, Ernest Gellner (1997) understood nationalism as a product of industrial society. He defines nationalism as “primarily a political principle, which holds that the political and national unit should be congruent” (Guibernau and Rex 1997: 52). Nationalism, Gellner says is either a product of feeling of anger when the principle discussed above is not fulfilled or a product of feeling of satisfaction aroused by its fulfilment. Therefore, “nationalism is a theory of political legitimacy” (Guibernau and Rex 1997: 52). Gellner justifies the repercussions of the idea of “nationalism is a theory of political legitimacy” by discussing how the political effectiveness of national sentiment impairs the sensibility of the nationalists to realise the wrong committed by the nation.
A culture, by definition, is a set of shared beliefs within a society; learning how to interact with people from different cultures is important in order to communicate and work with each other. It helps us become understanding of one another and widens our perspective of what the world has to offer. To be able to cross cultural communicate with others, the first step is to be aware that every culture is complex and has its differences. While traveling to new countries and trying to understand each other, there is a large possibility of miscommunication, which can come in the form of misinterpreting messages or body language; therefore, it is crucial to keep an open mind whilst communicating. There are multitudes of factors in various cultures that play a role in decision making, so being aware of the expectations that are influenced by someone’s culture will help you understand their choices.
After all that time, Offred is having the opportunity of taking control over language, and control over the truth. In the journal The Role of Language in European Nationalist Ideologies by Jan Blommaert & Jef Verschueren, the oppression of language is constantly treated, giving examples of the uses of it throughout history and the consequences brought by
Cultural identity plays a very vital role in cross cultural communication, people from a particular culture communicate with partners and employees from many different cultures and in this situation every individual strives to keep their cultural and individual identity. According to Gardiner and Kosmitzki, identity is defined as “a person 's self-definition as a separate and distinct individual, including behaviours, beliefs, and attitudes” (Gardiner & Kosmitzki, 2008, p. 154). Also, Ting-Toomey defines identity as a "reflective self-conception or self-image that we each derive from our family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization process"( Ting-Toomey, 2005). Both definitions bring out the generalisation of cultural identity