Attitude is a mental and emotional response to the variety of circumstances that occur in our life. In language contact situations, people show different attitudes towards languages. Attitude in general is a hypothetical psychological construct which defines or promotes certain behaviours and explains their direction and persistence. Hogg & Vaughan (2005:150) defines attitude is "a organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards objects, groups, events or symbols"(cited in Saul Mcleod, 2009). Attitude is a positive or negative react to a person or circumstances. Matsuda (2000:28-30) took the definition of Baker (1992) and interpreted the construct with three components: cognitive, affective, and conative (readiness for action). With view to language …show more content…
It comes from the Latin Word ‘aptitude’ and the Italian ‘atto’. Allport (1935) says, “attitude is a mental or neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual’s response to all objects and situations with which it is related” (cited in Baker, 1992:11). Attitudes, according to Crystal (1997: 215), are the feelings people have about their own language or the languages of others. Thus, attitude to language is a construct that explains linguistic behaviour in particular. There may be both positive and negative feelings attached to a language. Baker (1992: 11) quotes Ajzen (1988) who says, attitude is ‘a disposition to respond favourably or unfavourably to an object, person, institution, or event’. It means that if a speech community shows their unfavourablity to a particular language, that language is unlikely to survive and vice-versa. Ben (1968) says, ‘attitudes are self-descriptions or self-perceptions’. That means that attitude can be identified through observations of the individuals own behaviour. For example people observe themselves speaking
In this essay, both objective attitude and subjective attitude occurs in the separate planes described. In the objective
Lastly, they are expressed using body language and non verbal clues such as tone of voice (Oatley, 21). Emotions are additionally reported to be composed of action readiness and phenomenological tone. Action readiness is described as being ready to engage in action, whereas phenomenological tone characterizes each emotion as having a distinct feel in consciousness (Oatley, 21). A fully developed emotion can be characterized as a state of mind triggered by a particular situational outcome. The emotion prepares the individual for a particular reaction and instills a sense of awareness of the phenomenological tone.
Intelligence, 17(4), pp.433-442. Psychology (pp. 169-184). New York: Peter Lang Publishing. Sala, F., Urch Druskat, V. and Mount, G. (2006).
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development states four stages of cognitive development. During the first Sensorimotor Stage which Piaget
Question One (4 marks) Identify which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development Mollie and her friends are in. Describe some key characteristics of children in this stage of cognitive development. Describe two examples from the chapter that illustrate characteristics of this stage of cognitive development. “Developmental psychology studies the way human develop and change over time.”
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget asserts, children are born with inherited scripts, called schema, these schema are building blocks for cognitive development. As a child grows, he acquires more of these building blocks; moreover, these building blocks become more complex as the child progresses through different stages in development (Huitt, Hummel 2003). Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development are as follows. First, The sensorimotor stage where an infant has rudimentary motor skills, and can eventually
Cognitive development is a process which enhancing the ability of learning. The cognitive theories emphasize on conscious thoughts which highlight the mental aspects of development such as logic and memory. The primary factors of cognitive theories is the structure and development of the individual’s thought processes and the means of these processes can effort the person’s understanding of the world. Therefore, the cognitive theories study on how this understanding, and the expectations it creates, can affect the individual’s behavior. There are three types of cognitive development theories in human which are Piaget’s Cognitive development theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive theory and Information-Processing theory.
3.1.5 The last psychological factor is attitude. An attitude shows that a person’s relatively consist evaluations, feelings, and tendencies toward an object or idea. For example, our phone buyer gadgets hold attitudes such as “Buy the best“, the Apple products has become the best electronics products in the world. So that, a person’s attitude can help themselves to recognize what is good and what is no good for our daily life. 3.2 PERSONAL
Who are we? What forms one's identity? Language is a important element of culture and culture is known to be crucial definer of one's identity. Language connects people to a certain identity and allows them to communicate their ideas and values to themselves and the world... In other words language is important as it allows people to express their thoughts as well as beliefs.
Theories that as future educator will need to be understood and explored. Some if not all these theory’s will be used in the classroom. Vygotsky, Piaget, Bruner, and Bloom all set out to establish a foundation for education, whether through building skills such as pre-reading, language, vocabulary, and numeracy. It becomes the educators job to implement theories into the classroom for children's cognitive development. The theorist discussed in this paper, have had made a profound effect on
Jean Piaget, a Swiss-born Psychologist, was one who was particularly interested in how children perceive their environment. So engrossed was he by this process, that Piaget used his own children as scientific models in his experiments, in establishing his theory of Cognitive Development. After analyzing the behaviors of his children in their early development, Piaget concluded that there are four main stages of human cognitive maturation:- The Sensorimotor Stage, the Preoperational Stage, the Concrete Operational Stage and the Formal Operational Stage. This essay seeks to outline and examine Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, and to illustrate how this theory can influence the learning and teacher pedagogy in classes within the Caribbean region.
Learning a second language at a younger age is beneficial Most little kids first day of school is when they are approximately five years old, and about to enter kindergarten. Kids go to school from about age five till graduation from high school at about age eighteen. Most schools focus on the basic core subjects, such as math, reading, science and history. Until junior high or high school, foreign language is not even offered.
In the English learning literature, the development of a positive attitude towards learning could be attributed to Integrativeness, or the genuine desire to learn a new language so that one can communicate with the members of the community who use the language as their medium of communication (Dörnyei, 1998). However, as the world has become more borderless as exemplified by the EU and the ASEAN, other attitudinal factors were conceptually included. The additions were attributed to the changing of concept from ‘English is a second language to learn’ to ‘English as an international language’(Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2009). This resulted to the addition of other attitudinal factors that include Direct contact with English speakers (attitude towards actually meeting English speakers and travelling to their countries) ; Cultural interest (appreciation of cultural products from English speaking countries conveyed by the media); Miliu (the general perception of the importance of English in the learners’ friends and family) (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2009). From the aforementioned attitudinal factors, the following hypotheses were
The Language Culture and Society programme provides us with strong theoretical and interdisciplinary foundation for the study of a range of educational practices across the human lifespan and in a range of theoretical and methodological perspective is brought to bear on studies that explore the nature of literate practices, democracy and civic engagement and participation in social life. The programme focuses on relationships between education school and the dynamics and changing structures of language, culture, and society. It examines connection between broader, social, cultural, linguistic, historical, aesthetic and political factors in education and the local context in which these issues take place. It has long been recognized that language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensible. Language is a social phenomenon.
1.0 Introduction This is an individual assignment. This assignment is for KMC1093 Personality Development course in order to pass the course. First of all, personality development is associated with psychological aspects which are included cognitive, behaviour and emotion. It is believed that everybody has their own way to interacting with the other people and with their social environment. There are three components in the nature of personality.