Bilingual Lexical Processing: A Literature Review
The review of the pertinent literatures has compellingly showed the evidence for the need to approach language processing in bilingual minds as a dynamic and interaction-dominant system. There has been an increase in studies confirming that the endemic characteristics of language processing are in compliance with the nature of a dynamic system. Research evidence has revealed the emergent properties of language development, which dynamically changes over time (e.g. Larsen-Freeman, 2006; Spoelman & Verspoor, 2010). Furthermore, this emergent property might occur through soft-assembly in an online real-time processing, whereby changes and coadaptation happens over time. Therefore, the trajectory of the process is flexible to the dynamic nature …show more content…
One of the alternatives is by embracing the notion of continuity of mind (Spivey and Dale, 2004), which holds that process flows in a continuous fashion and each stimulus is dependent and inseparable from all other stimuli. This notion runs against the component-dominant approach which holds that human cognition works in a discrete manner resembling a computer. On the contrary, it can be argued that lexical processing, as a form of cognitive process, unfolds in a continuous flow of interdependent serries analogous to a river. Thinking lexical processing as a flowing river implies the idea that lexical representation in the mind as a flexible entity that flows within particular contexs, which is in line with Elman’s (2011) revolutionary proposal on lexical items without …show more content…
In order to answer the question, four hypotheses are formulated as follows
1. Hypothesis 1 (H1)
Variability is expected to be present in L1 and L2. Yet, since both the lexical knowledge and lexical representation are assumed to be more stable in L1, performance in L1 is expected to be more coordinated with less degree of variability as compared to L2.
2. Hypothesis 2 (H2)
Using particular language affects bilingual language processing. The effect is presumed to be more pronounced in L2 than L1 due to the assumption that lexical representation and lexical knowledge in L1 are more stable.
3. Hypothesis 3 (H3)
Variability in bilingual lexical processing is expected to be present between and within
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