Wild fish stocks are decreasing due to heavy utilization and an increasing demand for aquatic products; so recently marine aquaculture is one of the most important and quickest growing industries in the world (Asche, 2008). This industry is a substitute for the traditional forms of fish supply and an important source of protein for the growing human population and can relieve the pressures on marine and coastal ecosystems (Lucas and Southgate, 2012). In addition, marine aquaculture can contribute to food security (Godfray et al., 2010; FAO, 2014).
Capture fishery production has been relatively static since the late 1980s, while aquaculture has grown considerably in this period (FAO, 2016). World per capita apparent fish consumption increased
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The combination of GIS software and multi criteria evaluation (MCE) techniques is a potential tool that can help users in solving complex spatial decision problems (Kamruzzaman and Baker, 2013; Krois and Schulte, 2014). The MCE approach is one of the most common methods used to identify suitable sites throughout the world. This approach combines multiple variables in a structured model (e.g. depth, chlorophyll-a, temperature, turbidity, distance to coastline etc.) using a weighted overlay where the weights are proportional to importance (Nath et al., 2000). This is useful as it allows the assessment of the spatial variability of the environmental, biological, and socioeconomic specifications relevant to marine aquaculture including consideration of the different levels of importance amongst parameters and providing a qualitative and quantitative output that is useful and easy to understand for decision makers. Various research studies have been conducted in order to select suitable sites for marine aquaculture. Some of these studies include identifying suitable sites for coastal aquaculture in Camas Bruaich Ruaidhe, Mexico (Ross et al., 1993), selecting Margarita …show more content…
This study uses an OWA-based decision analysis approach to combine the concept of risk into the GIS-based analysis to determine the suitable areas for marine aquaculture. Therewith, the two types of combination rules can be generalized within the framework of OWA. So, this paper presents a quantitative evaluation in the coastal regions with the depth less than 50m, using Geographic Information System (GIS) based on Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) technique and also satellite remote sensing technology to identify suitable sites for marine aquaculture development in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, Coasts of Mazandaran
Case 2: Chesapeake Bay watershed System Complexity, Data, and Impairment Description The Chesapeake Bay watershed is an example of a complex modeling system that consists of a large watershed (165,759 km2) with flow-regulated rivers, large urban centers and expansive rural areas, and an estuary (US EPA, 2010). The Chesapeake Bay TMDL allocates total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment loads to reduce the size of the oxygen-depleted zones in the bay to restore its living resources. As such, estimating nutrient loads from all sources (air and land) and assessing their effect on the bay’s aquatic life requires the use of an integrated modeling framework. Because of the areal extent and system complexity of the watershed and the estuary, the Chesapeake Bay TMDL is one of the most complex TMDLs conducted in the United States.
The Apalachicola River plays an integral role in the ecology of Apalachicola Bay. This estuary serves as the interface between the freshwater uplands and the Gulf of Mexico. Apalachicola Bay is an exceptionally important nursery area for fish and shellfish in the Gulf of Mexico and a major foraging area
In the case of remotely-sensed data, the matchup comparisons between satellite-derived estimates and in situ measurements of turbidity were evaluated using statistical criteria, such as root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and
Brine Shrimps tend to hatch in specific environmental conditions, such as high and low salt concentrations in water, weather and temperature. As one of the environmental conditions in which Brine Shrimp eggs hatch is water salinity and so, in this assignment, we were given 4 different salinity levels of water, which were 0%, 3%, 6% and 9%. As a result of the experiment, we noted that after 24 hours only one egg hatched at 3% salinity level and none at 0%, 6% and 9% levels. The second day, which was after 48 hours, there were 0 shrimps that hatched in 0% and 9% salinity levels, whereas at 3%, 7 out of 46(15.3%) eggs hatched and 6 out of 49(11%) at 6% levels. Based on this data our group concluded that the best level for hatching shrimps is 3%
The policies and procedures should reflect any environmental changes as well as operational for an accurate analysis of the
"An Enviro's Case for Seal Hunt" (2013) is an opinionated article by author and journalist Terry Glavin, arguing against the controversy and negativity surrounding the Canadian seal hunt. The author states that not only is sealing humane, it is also sustainable. Glavin bases his article on his experiences and research with various environmental organizations such as "the Sierra Club, the David Suzuki Foundation, Greenpeace, etc." (Glavin, 2013, p. 166). Because of his personal experiences with environmental issues, Glavin's article presents a strong bias.
As we progress through the course, a complex yet clearer picture is forming regarding how impacts as a result of changes to environmental systems extend well beyond impacts to the wildlife that inhabit those systems. It has become increasingly apparent that environmental changes influence social and economic dynamics as well. The visibility of environmental issues affecting consumers and wildlife alike is very present when we examine estuaries, also know as bays, sounds, or lagoons. Estuaries are mixtures of freshwater and seawater and are created within the indentations found along coastlines. All along the coast of California, where I reside, there are several bays to be found.
Adela Papiez Granitz Accelerated English 9 22 March 2017 Outline Marine Biologists: Saving the Environment One Animal at a Time Thesis: Marine biology is a demanding job requiring working with marine animals, and having many qualifications and courses to take, as well as years of training, with many fulfilling rewards. Generally, marine biology is the study of organisms, their relationship to the environment, and their behavior, in addition to studying the chemical aspects of bodies of saltwater ("At A Glance" & "NOAA Fisheries").
The seafood market is probably worth over $100 million (including imported seafood), there is a $10-15 million charter boat industry, probably an equivalently valued tournament fishery, and there is a recreational and subsistence marine fishery with direct expenditures of $24 million. The estimate of the Hawaii seafood market supply in 1990, is 20 million pounds ($50 million) from commercial fishing, 9 million pounds from recreational fishing, 15 million pounds ($30 million) from foreign imports, 24 million pounds ($45 million) from the mainland U.S., and 3.5 million pounds ($10 million) exported. There are many elements to these recent changes in Hawaii's seafood industry. Perhaps the first harbinger of change was the arrival of albacore trollers from the west coast en route to newly discovered fishing grounds north of Midway Islands late in the 1970's. This caused a new perspective on the nature of Hawaii's role in the Pacific wide fishery and led to some substantial changes on the Honolulu waterfront.
These aforementioned products also provide material for food processing, accounting for a total of 7 per cent of the country’s GDP. Moreover, a plethora of food-based oils and specialty crops have recently bloomed in Argentina, with emphasis to: lemons, grapes, beef, sunflower seeds, lemons, tea, tobacco, peanuts, and wheat. Fishing has declined significantly in recent years as decades of over-fishing have dramatically reduced the demographic of said market. The industry of Argentina is driven by diversification of the affluent domestic market.
When one thinks of a veterinarian, most associate this job title with treating dogs, cats, horses, cows, and other farm and companion animals. However, a relatively small field not known by the general population is that of marine veterinary medicine. If one has a passion for the water and a desire to help the creatures in it, marine veterinary medicine just may be the perfect career. Marine veterinarians are responsible for “conducting basic exams and evaluations, giving vaccinations, taking samples of blood and other bodily fluids, prescribing and distributing medication, evaluating behaviour, performing surgical procedures, and taking x-rays and sonograms” (Kramer “Life of an Aquatic Veterinarian”).
Marine organisms are animals, plants, and other living things that live in the ocean. A Marine biologist is a scientist who studies marine organisms and studies the bodies, behavior, and the history of marine organisms. They also study how marine organisms interact with each other and their environment. I have chosen to research about Marine biology because I would like to learn about sea life, the ocean, and its surrounding environment. To start off, a Marine biologist might study coral, crabs, fish, microscopic marine organisms, sea stars, seaweed, squid, or whales.
Assignment: Coastal management • Explain what is coastal management • Discuss the types of coastal management and when they are used • The pros and cons of the types of coastal management Word limit is 2500 including references. Why is it important to defend the coast? Coastlines today, tend to be very heavily populated areas that are of high economic value due to tourism as well as key access point to ocean fisheries resources and sea transport routes. However, coastlines are particularly prone to flooding, whereby these fragile ecosystems take a long time to recover if they are degraded or destroyed.
According to world wildlife organisation, overfishing occurs when more fish are caught than the population can replace through natural reproduction. Gathering as many fish as possible may seem like a profitable practice, but overfishing has serious consequences. The results may not only affect the balance of life in the oceans, but also the social and economic well-being of the coastal communities who depend on fish for their way of life. According to the research world wildlife organisation, 1.6% of the world’s oceans have been declared as marine protected areas (MPAS), and 90% of existing MPAS are open to fishing.
Environmental impact assessment is referred to as a policy and management tool for both planning and decision-making (Glasson et al, 2005). This essay will be divided into four sections. The first section