Teaching requires more than having degree of education . Teachers should recognize student needs and getting the class involved in the learning process .That requires recognizing the new trends of teaching approaches .
Language skills are a main component of the English language . Reading is a key for developing other language skills . Reading skills include skills acquired through reading, such as comprehension, fluency and independence. Overall, these skills give students the ability to turn words on a page into a clear meaning. Maynor ( 2016 ) Swanson (2001) indicated that research shows that children learn about reading before they enter school. In fact, they learn in the best manner-through observation. Young
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Study Questions :
1.What are the reading skills needed to be developed for primary stage pupils ?
2.What are the components of the differentiated instruction program for developing reading skills at the primary stage ?
3. What is the effect of differentiated instruction program for developing reading skills at the primary stage ?
Study Aims :
-presenting a checklist of the most important reading skills at the primary stage .
-preparing a differentiated instruction based program at the primary stage for developing reading skills of the primary stage .
-recognizing the impact of the differentiated instruction based program in developing English language reading skills at the primary stage.
The study tools:
- A checklist of needed reading skills at the primary stage .
- A test of reading skills for primary school pupils.
- A differentiated instruction based program for developing English language reading skills at the primary stage.
The study
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The Study Variables :
Differentiated Instruction:
Differentiation means tailoring instruction to meet individual needs. Whether teachers differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. Tomlinson, ( 2000).
Differentiated instruction is the way in which a teacher anticipates and responds to a variety of students' needs in the classroom. (Carlson .2003).
The researcher defines differentiated instruction based on the recognition of students needs in the primary stage.
Reading Skills : According to Hays ( 2016) reading skills include skills acquired through reading, such as comprehension, fluency , story ending and independence. Overall, these skills give students the ability to turn words on a page into a clear meaning. The researcher defines reading skills as the skills that lead to the understanding of words and turning that into mentally processing vision . Reading skills enable readers to turn writing material into meaning and achieve the goals .This study is limited to comprehension and story prediction
No Child Left Behind was passed by congress and was signed by President George Bush. The federal role was holding schools accountable for the students academic success due to No Child Left Behind law. Standard testing were given to ensuring that states and schools were performing and were achieving at a certain level. If states did not comply with the new requirements of No Child Left Behind then they were at risk of losing federal funding. The No Child Left Behind was ultimately created to change the fact that American education system was considered internationally competitive.
I would start by introducing myself to all the parents and ask them what they would like to learn about or if they have any questions on what literacy is. I would tell them how valuable education is and that we need to pass on that value to your children. (Diane M Barone/Marla H. Mallette, 2013). We are going to provide home activities for you as parents to do with your child. This will help build your child’s literacy skills and we will have goals and structure for your child.
Accelerated Reader Program is in many elementary schools across the United States. AR is a big thing for students in elementary now a day the schools really push their students to read and take the AR tests. In this research paper investigates to see if students exposed to AR in elementary have lasting effect on the students. To see if its really worst spending all that time reading and doing to Accelerated Reader Program. Accelerated Reader has been around since 1986 and is still being use in schools around the world.
They also appear to enjoy learning the content due to their involvement. The goal of this activity was to build students reading skills by working them through the subject and allowing them to discuss amongst each other any information that relates to the subject of the reading. It is also intended to help the students think as they read. This helped enable the students understand the subject of the reading, offer their own insight, and identify words more easily. This will also allow students to identify new words and will increase their ability with word identification and reading skills.
In “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Readers” by Kavitha Rao, she express her opinion on the topic that the current generation is not reading for fun. She mentions several experience she had with other people, that don 't see the benefit in reading for fun. She says that since people aren 't reading more leisure anymore they 're becoming less creative, inarticulate, have poor communication skills and low confidence, which is caused by parents forcing their kids to read, and the education system need to have students memorize textbooks and nothing else. After reading this article I find myself disagreeing with Rao on several points she made, I don’t believe the modern attitude towards reading is causing people to be self absorbed and unimaginative, she also claims that book clubs don 't encourage reading for fun, parents are forcing their children to read boring books which turned them away from reading and that the educational system is to blame for college students for being inarticulate.
Reading is an essential life skill. The ultimate goal of reading is to comprehend and make meaningful connections with text. Therefore, the development of skills needed for reading begins at an early age and progresses through stages into adulthood (Chall, 1996). Within the early stages of reading development, children begin learning and acquiring these specific skills. Moreover, many of the skills learned during early childhood are constrained skills.
The teacher selects and introduces new books carefully chosen to match the instructional levels of students and supports whole text reading. Independent Reading time, when students choose their own appropriate books. Here, they can apply the cue systems and decoding strategies that they have learned during Shared and Guided
Literature Review “Children know how to learn in more ways than we know how to teach them.” —Ronald Edmonds (1991) Each child learns in a different way, therefore if teachers are mainly focused on instructing the majority auditory/visual learners; the students who have different learning styles needs aren’t being met, which results in lack of basic skills moving forward. The idea of one instructional strategy fitting all is creating a void in classrooms; which in turn is failing to help those students struggling the most. Campbell, Helf, and Cooke, (2008) suggests a reason for some students’ ongoing lack of achievements that, “too often, students are instructed indirectly, watching and listening to the teacher or other students with little or no opportunity to actually read” (p. 268).
The layout shows the reader the development of literacy theories from Early Theories and Models Applicable to Reading through the 21st century. It was interesting to see some of the theories overlapping each other and some of the theories were developed upon by other scholars. For example, the Schema Theory was developed further by Louise Rosenblatt’s Transactional Theory. Background of Authors
Differentiation, with respect to instruction, means tailoring it to meet individual needs of the students. Teachers can differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. Teachers differentiate the four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile. (Tomlinson 2000). Differentiated instruction can be known as an organizing framework in teaching and learning which calls for a major restructuring in the classroom and syllabus, if done in the proper way, its benefits will transgress the costs.
1. Student’s skill strengths and weaknesses: (Refer to the 5 areas of reading provided earlier in the lesson and provide specific descriptions using the assessment data.) 1. After analyzing the student’s reading assessments, list one reading skill strength and explain why you selected this as a strength using information from the reading assessments. Be sure to include assessment data in your justification. Skill Strength: Phonetic awareness.
Introduction and Outline This essay’s purpose is to highlight how school curriculum is altered in order to include a student with additional learning needs. Every student is unique and for that reason a teacher must differentiate the curriculum to suit the needs of student with a specific learning difficulty. Dyslexia is the learning difficulty which will be examined theoretically and methodically in this essay. This essay will examine the different learning theories of how to engage a child with dyslexia in the classroom.
For differences that result from cognitive abilities, learning styles, or developmental stages, the differentiation in delivery style and product styles support students’ academic, emotional, and social growth. Strategies that support diversity: • frequently vary instructional technique • develop lessons around students ' interests, needs, and experiences • provide an encouraging, supportive environment • use cooperative learning and peer tutors for students needing remediation • provide study aids • teach content in small sequential steps with frequent checks for comprehension • use individualized materials and individualized instruction whenever possible • use
It is a very common teaching strategy, relying on strict lesson plans and lectures with little or no room for variation. Direct instruction does not include activities like discussion, recitation, seminars, workshops, case studies, or internships. DI is probably the most popular teaching strategy that is used by teachers to facilitate learning. It is teacher directed and follows a definite structure with specific steps to guide pupils toward achieving clearly defined learning outcomes. The teacher maintains the locus of control over the instructional process and monitors pupils ' learning throughout the process.
The development of literacy and language is a continual progress within a person. This development is one that starts from the moment a child is born (Hurst and Joseph, 2000). This development is promoted within the home environment and is extended within the early years’ classroom domain. Literacy and language development is comprised of four strands, which are listening, speaking, reading & writing. These four factors are in constant interaction together and are constantly developing within the person (Saffran, Senghas and Trueswell, 2001).