Renewable Capital Analysis
1. Introduction
Sustainable economic development requires consideration of economic, social and environmental factors. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, there has been a demand for statistical data reflecting the state of the natural environment and the impact on it of human society. At the same time, statistics are required that reflect the impact of ecosystems on the economy.
Agenda 21 (1992), adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, considers "Integrating Environment and Development in the Decision-Making Process" (Chapter 8) and "Conservation and rational use of resources for development "(section 2) as the main development priorities.
Costanza and H. Daley (1992) considered
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Approximate structure of natural capital
As it is shown in Fig. 1, in the structure of natural capital the natural resources and ecosystems are allocated. First of all the natural capital includes non-renewable and renewable capitals. Non-renewable capital consists of fossil fuels and mineral resources which humanity consumes only changing the energy balance of the Earth. Greenhouse gas emissions accompanying the process of consumption of non-renewable resources also lead to a change in the energy balance of the Planet.
Renewable natural capital forms a different type of ecosystem which produce ecosystem products and services. Renewable capital is restored by solar energy, but there is a global trend towards deterioration in the quality of natural capital and even a decrease in its quantity.
It should be noted that the link between non-renewable resources and the ecosystem is necessary, since resources are part of ecosystems and their production in many cases leads to ecosystem disruption. For example, open mining of minerals not only changes the landscape, but also leads to disruption of underground
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In April 2012, following the intergovernmental negotiations, which lasted several years and were convened under the auspices of UNEP, an Intergovernmental Science and Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) was founded (http://www.ipbes.net/about-us). The mission of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development (IPBES,
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