Name: Instructors’ Name: Course: Date: Population Growth and Aging The world is on the edge of witnessing a demographic milestone. Since long ago children always outnumbered their elders but the trend is changing, and soon we may have the elderly outnumbering children. The age structure of most nations in the world has been altering as persons have fewer offspring and live longer. The trend is driven by the decline in fertility rates, remarkable increase in life expectancy, and improvement in healthcare provision. According to a report by the World Health Organization, the number people above 65 years of age is projected to grow from an approximate 524 million in the year 2010 to about 1.5 billion in 2050 (2).
In the early 18th century, Europe had high fertility rates nevertheless, the population didn’t increase much as Europe also saw high mortality rates. About 16 to 25 women per thousand died during childbirth. There was also high infant mortality rates as one in three pregnancies resulted in miscarriage or stillbirth . The average population growth in Europe in 1700-1750 was 3.1% . The wealthier had more children compared to the poor.
Based on current projections to 2015, the adolescent birth rate fell from 59 births per 1000 women age 15–19 in 1990 to 51 births per 1000 in 2015 (WHO, 2015). However, teenage pregnancy trend varies in regional levels because of the variation of health determinants, population of adolescents and socio-cultural patterns. Much of the lifestyle, norms and economic status shapes the adolescent health outcome that significantly increases at one region and differs from the others. Child marriages is a primary source of income for most countries driven from poverty because of the challenging socio-economic statuses, yet hinders the opportunities for better education. Researchers claim that there is higher teenage pregnancy rate in developing regions compared to developed regions which is because it is proven that 95% of world’s adolescents are living in middle and low income areas of Sub-Saharan African and Western Pacific region.
Populations in developing countries are aging three times faster than the advanced societies. Increases in population also introduce many significant challenges for its residents. One such area of the world where the senior citizens are facing such challenges is in the South Asian sub-continent country of Pakistan. Pakistan is a country with a population of over 200 million people but has been in existence for less than 100 years has created such a socio-economic environment that adults particularly those that are of the older generation deal with ongoing neglect, whether it is in terms of health, finance, or social acceptance. According to the World Health Organization 13 million Pakistanis currently belong to the older generation (55 or over) and this is expected to increase by 11% by 2050.
Early signs of trouble Reviewing the company’s performance in 2010 and 2011, although it gained handsome profits, there are obvious some early signs of trouble which are needed to be emphasized. The financial turmoil in Europe, together with changes in consumer buying behavior, leads to an unfavorable situation for Louis Vuitton. Also, too much reliance on automated manufacturing process might dilute brand image. The spread of the counterfeited products can also undermine the brand value. Weakening demand in Europe market Although the largest luxury goods market is in Europe, which constituted 37% shares of the total luxury market in 2011, the demand has decreased due to recession.
On other hand developing countries particularly India and china in last couple of decades are experiencing rapid growth in the proportion of elderly population. Most of the studies point out that in present situation old age population of developing countries is growing faster than developed countries. In general elderly population need more care and support. In most of the developed countries elderly people are pensioners or economically sound as well various policies are framed for them by government. But in India most of the elderly population is living in a lower level of socio-economic conditions and are also illiterate.
The median age of a country rise and it causes the phenomenon of Population ageing occur. The Hong Kong government expects in 2031, a quarter of population in Hong Kong is the aged of 65 or above. At the same time, the life expectancy of men is projected to reach 84.4 and the women is reach to 90 in 2041, Hong Kong have the longest life expectancy in the world. So, population ageing become a major challenges to Hong Kong because it will cause some
The whole society is unhealthy and is likely to remain stagnant when there are too many old people rather than young labors. The population of children under 15 and senior over 65 to the population between 15and 65, what is defined as dependency ratio, is high in transition period and it can be predicted that this number would become even larger as life expectancy keeps going up due to the development of science and technology. Consequently, the period of retirement in life may be longer than the working period which means everyone consumes more than what he produces. This loads an increasingly heavier burden on younger generations, not only for their parents but also for life insurance and taxes. To curb the aging population problem, effective approaches including encouraging young couples to give birth, investing more resources on caring for the elderly, and deferring people’s aging process through healthy lifestyle are needed.
“The U.S. teen birth rate is higher than that of many other developed countries, including Canada and the United Kingdom.” Birth rates are higher in Hispanic and African Americans. Although Hispanics have the highest teen birth rates, they have decreased over the years. The effects teen pregnancy has on your life varies from emotional crisis, academics, relationships with the baby’s father, discrimination, and financial issues. It can be devastating but once it happens, there is no going back. The most you can do is come to terms with the life changing event that will happen.
Independent variables Population growth is the rising people in a country. In Malthusian growth model, the increases of population will reduce income per capita. China with 1.4 billion people enjoys the factor endowment namely large labor force but standard of living is low because the increasing of expenditures to improve infrastructure, education, health care and so on. Higher population will result on slower economic growth. So, population growth expected to have negative impact on economic