The human heart pumps blood through the arteries, which connect to smaller arterioles and then smaller capillaries. In this assignment, we will discuss the arterial blood pressure from several aspects, include definition, normal values for blood pressure, the most important factors affecting it, the mechanism involved in arterial blood pressure regulation, and the relevance between the pressure and the eye. Definition of blood pressure, it’s Normal value, and the factors that determine arterial blood pressure under physiologic conditions. Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels . This pressure produces when the heart contracts during the heartbeat cycle, which forces blood out
Explain the function of the heart and the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries. Referring to Louise Tucker 5th edition, the heart is an organ that pumps blood through the body via the circulatory system, supplying nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products. According to Louise Tucker arteries are thick walled, hollow tubes with a fibrous outer covering, a middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue. The functions of arteries are: • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body • Transport nutrients e.g. iron, zinc • Main artery is the aorta Structure: • Lumen, small passage • Thick, muscular and elastic walls Veins have three layered walls, their walls are much thinner,
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. INTRODUCTION The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system. This system is a double circulatory closed system which transports blood via arteries, veins and capillaries to the lungs through the pulmonary circulation and to the rest of the body tissues in the systemic circulation. Since the blood travels to varying distances around the body, the blood vessels have to be adapted to overcome different pressures. The pressure changes in the four chambers on the heart (two atria’s and two ventricles) allow the blood to continuously flow in one direction.
The circulatory system dispenses oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones and heat from the body to the tissues. It consists of the heart and blood vessels. The main function of the circulatory -system is to transport oxygen, hormones, and nutrients. The heart, which is the hardest working organ is located in the body’s thoracic
The myocardium- this contains a strong layer of cardiac muscle which makes the bulk of the heart. It can vary in thickness and it is responsible for the pumping action of the heart 3. The Endocardium - Innermost layer of the heart that is made up of epithelial tissue, it is a smooth lining that keeps blood from sticking to the heart and preventing harmful blood clots from forming. The heart is then divided into four different chambers: Two smaller upper chambers- (i) The right atrium- this is where the superior and inferior vena cava pump deoxygenated blood into the heart from the upper ( superior) and lower (inferior) parts of the body. (ii) The left atrium- where the pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs and the aorta brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the
Arteries take oxygenated blood away from the heart to cells, veins take blood through the super vena cava which is low in oxygen to the heart Digestive system system regulates what you put into your body. Taking out the rich nutrients, minerals, vitamins and chemicals, then transporting these to the correct body parts. It also excretes the waste products in the format of urine, excrement and sweat. gastrointestinal tract. Enzymes in the saliva break down starches.
Thus, the pericardial cavity allows the heart movement to be flexible. The pericardial cavity surrounds the heart totally except at the inlet and outlet of the cardiac vessels, where they form two significant tubes. One of the tubes serves as an interconnection to the inferior and superior vena cava and the pulmonary veins, whereas the other connects the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. Blood Supply and Innervation of the
Brochure information Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system Cardiovascular System According to (smith.A2013). The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels and also blood. Its role is to deliver nutrients and takes away any by-products from a person’s body. The cardiovascular system is the heart and it is a four-chambered pump that carries blood to the arteries these arteries then carries out clean and oxygenated blood to the tissue. The blood Definition According to (dictionary.com 2002).
It is nestled between the lungs and the mediastinum. Because of where the heart is located some can feel the heart with the palm of their hands if they apply pressure under the sternum. The heart delivers blood to our entire body. In order for the heart to pump efficiently it contracts and relaxes in intervals to allow the blood to be successfully pumped to all of the cells, organs and tissues. This is called systolic and diastolic pressure.
Heart is a four-chambered muscular pumping organ that divides into atriums and ventricles that are separated by valves to prevent backflow of blood among the compartments (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010). However, heart undergoes two types of circulatory loops in the transportation of blood which are systemic and pulmonary circulation (Taylor, n.d.). Systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from heart into all tissues in the body and return the deoxygenated blood back into the heart via vena cava (Taylor, n.d.). On the other hand, pulmonary circulation responsible in the transportation of deoxygenated blood into the lungs for gaseous exchange that results in the return of oxygenated blood into the heart via pulmonary vein (Taylor, n.d.). Another major component of CVS is blood