According to the Malaysia Tourism Transformation Plan, that has attracted 36 million tourists to Malaysia, they will be generating RM 168 billion for the country by the year of 2020. The development of the tourism sector had contributed greatly to the diversification of the economy of Malaysia. Malaysia’s tourism sector is expected to remain robust with a competitive and challenging environment. Hence, they need to compete among the local and international hotels in Malaysia. The tourism industry is under the service industry whereby the performance is evaluated based on the number of customers they are able to retain.
In this paper I will demonstrate that ethical tourism is the better option that guarantees a stable economic growth while keeping cultural integrity and environmental protection. Even though mass tourism accounts for the rise in employment and gross national product, its economic benefits become marginal as social and environmental costs increase. I will show that ecotourism and pro-poor tourism, as forms of ethical and responsible tourism, contribute to the conservation of the wildlife heritage and to the development of a sustainable growth. Mass tourism concerns all those activities that include shifting of large groups of tourists, high volume of sales, utilization of holiday packages and development of infrastructure and transportation systems. After the second World War, mass tourism increased substantially.
In the global context, the sector has witnessed booming growth in the past decades or two especially after the opening of the economy. Besides India with its rich historical past and varied geographical locations like hill stations and beaches has always been a very attractive tourist destination. Efforts by the Govt. to promote India as a prime tourist destination in the world is paying dividends and there has been a definite increase in the volume of the international tourist visiting the country. INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING AND TOURISM CORPORATION LIMITED (IRCTC): IRCTC was incorporated on 27th September 1999 as a limited company registered under the Companies Act 1956 to professionalize and manage catering and hospitality services and to promote domestic and international tourism through development of hotels, information and commercial publicity and global reservation systems; and to explore and exploit underutilized assets of Indian Railway and stimulate private entrepreneurship and investment in the hospitality business; and serve the rail users and passengers through value added services.
2. Tourism creates jobs and the standard of living is increased. The cultural heritage is counted as one of the most important feature/component of tourism in many developed countries (Alzue, O’Leary and Morrison, 1998 and Herbert, 2001). Heritage has its particular values, despite, cultural heritage tourism provides many sorts of opportunities but at the same time there are many threats attached to tourism, we should try to minimize these threats with conservative management (Aas, Ladkin and Fletcher, 2005). As per UN-World Tourism Stats (2009), the number of International tourist arrivals was 924 million in 2009 with an increase of 1.8% over 2007.
1 Introduction The new era made us the bystanders of a great show, namely the informational and technical show of every sector of the society. Every country in the world understands the importance of tourism as a part of the economic sector that can sustain the development of the national economy. Generating the revenue and employment, tourism is the sector where partnerships find the perfect tools to achieve goals. Years in a row, many island states in the Caribbean experienced some substantial economic instabilities. However, tourism was the sector seen as an alternative to enhance the economic development of the countries.
In the article “Bali Daily (2014)”, Bali (Denpasar)’s economy grew at 5.75 percent during the first half of 2014, surpassing national economic growth of 5.17 percent in the same period. 2.1.1.1. Better infrastructure Tourism is often viewed as an expression of human behavior (Kim, 2002). Harrill & Potts (2003, p. 233) asserts that “tourism is an invisible industry, encompassing transportation, loading, and entertainment. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency’s (BPS) Bali office, the service sector grew at 8.68 percent with significant contributions from trade, hotels and restaurants.
Surely, the world is home to breath-taking and natural paradise and gifted with abundant resources. Today, people of all ages have been flocking to different parts of the world to experience its culture, traditions, food, shopping, and most especially its famous tourist destinations. However, it always occurs in the minds of backpackers the expenses that they would be willing to pay for. With the right course of itinerary and haggling skills, tourists will surely be able to save some bucks. Let us take a glimpse at some of the most travelled destinations in the world according to Euromonitor International’s “2017 Top 100 City Destinations” survey.
Tourism industry has both impacts which are positive impacts and negative impacts. The impacts of tourism can be divided into seven common categories which is economic, environment, social cultural, crowding and congestion, services, taxes and community attitude. There are several positive impacts for tourism in the perspective of economic. It can contribute to income and standard of living; improves and contribution to local economy; raising employment opportunities, improve investment, development and infrastructure spending, raise government tax revenues; improves public utilities infrastructure; improve transport infrastructure; raising opportunities for shopping; economic impact is widespread in the community; creates new business opportunities; foreign exchange earnings. Tourism will raise employment opportunities, it will create additional jobs.
Whereas for Duval (2003, p.298) “return visits incorporate a variety of activities ranging from lounging at the beach with friends, touring areas of the country where they have not been in years and visiting relatives”. 2.4 The Economic Importance of diaspora tourism As discussed earlier tourism is an important part of the global economy and the primary source of income for many countries. The economic contribution of diaspora tourism can be imperative. In 2015, UNTWO reported that the earning from tourism receipts made about US$ 1.5 trillion in 2014. These reports indicate that around 538 million international visitors were welcomed by destinations worldwide from January to June 2015. International receipts through tourism are one way that diasporic holiday-makers impact economically in its host country (Newland, 2011).
The literature review will be based on the following topics: 1) tourism impacts, 2) local residents ' attitudes towards tourism impact, 3) tourism impact models, 4) tourism impact and resident attitude scales and 5) tourism and local community participation. 2.1 Tourism and its significance Tourism is now a global industry involving hundreds of millions of people in international as well as domestic travel each year (Mason, 2003, p. 3). Over the last half century, the growth and development of tourism as a social and economic activity has been remarkable (Sharpley, 2009). Tourism development is generally viewed as an important set of economic activities for improving local economies and many nations promote nature-based tourism to promote and sustain both environment and economics. While tourism development requires well developed attractions, tourism superstructures, and