Tensions developed between the Eastern and Western Churches over political, social and theological differences over beliefs and practices of religious. The Western theologians considered themselve as aids to devotion did not like the fact that the Byzantine did not agree. The Influence of Byzantium in Eastern Europe called themselves Romaioi, and was traced from their ancestors back to the Eastern Roman Empire. The Byzantines divided thenselves from the Mediterranean Society of Classical Rome.
The Byzantine Empire was a successful maritime-based civilization that connected Europe and Asia. There is much debate on whether the Byzantine Empire was a new empire or a continuation of the Roman Empire. Although the Byzantine Empire is made up of old parts of Eastern Rome, it was it’s own new civilization because of different religious beliefs, new advancements in technology, and a far superior economy to that of the Romans. The Byzantines valued Christianity and religious values much more than the Romans ever did. The Byzantine people valued their religious beliefs that it is said in document 2 that the God had more power than any living man.
Religion and its various ideologies played a key role in advancing the authority of the Ottoman and Catholic Europe; it also influenced the way they confronted outside powers and people from other religions. The Ottomans where an Islamic ruled empire which brought about a certain ideology that gave them the God given rights to the earth. Catholic Europe also had this ideology from where God gave Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven and endowed upon them earth as well (Matt 16: 19). The catholic church in Europe seemed to have their hands in the cookie jar of European Medieval Government and some what controlled the kings and nobles.
Heraclius Heraclius was an Eastern Roman emperor who reigned from 610 to 641. He was born in 575 in eastern Anatolia. During this time most of the people were farmers. The soldiers were mercenaries. The social structure of the Byzantine Greeks was supported by a rural, agricultural base that consisted of the peasants.
The Seljuk Turks, a Sunni Muslim nomadic tribe from Central Asia, found their empire 1054 The East-West Schism in Christianity Because of language differences (Latin in the west, and Greek in the east), disagreements over religious
The Byzantine Iconoclastic Controversy began in 726 CE when Emperor Leo III issued a decree against the worship of icons.1 This action resulted in the removal and destruction of icons in churches and monasteries.2 There had been tensions rising between the church and the state over the use of icons for some time, but the culmination of these tensions along with the pressure of Muslim armies attacking the borders of Byzantium lead to the explosive Iconoclastic Controversy. The iconoclasts ardently believed that the creation of images depicting holy people was making God angry. The iconophiles believed that these images were sacred and used them as a means of worshiping God. This theological battle lead to the meeting of several ecumenical councils in order to resolve the controversy between the church and the state. This paper will examine the arguments for and against the use of icons from iconoclasts and iconophiles in the Byzantine Empire.
Ottoman Empire Summary The Ottoman Empire had been around for hundreds of years. However it began to weaken. The weakness was from the Ottomans struggle to modernize.
Thesis: From the time period of 400-1000 CE, the Byzantine Empire and Western Rome had many continuities and changes in their agricultural production, such as feudalism, the heavy plows (change), peasant labor (continuity), and lords and vassals relying on agricultural production (change). After the fall of the Roman Empire, advancements such as the heavy plow emerged, increasing efficiency in agricultural production between 400-1000 CE. The usage of the heavy plow in Western Rome eventually replaced the light Mediterranean plows used before the fall of the Roman Empire. The development of the heavy plow during the Middle Ages enabled farmers to add more steps in their farming which ultimately increased agricultural production. Iron plows
The ottomans started very small and soon became large. Byzantium had control of the Silk Road until the ottomans got power. Constantinople (present day name Istanbul and previous name Byzantium) was a walled city and no one could get in. Well thanks to the silk road Byzantium had open arms to the ottos got their hands on cannons very early. (Earlier than any other European nation.)
Like father like son, these prominent kings are the ones responsible for the great Macedonian Empire, who defeated the Persians, and made other Greek city states tremble before them. Macedonian rule first began to make headway under Philip II after he was released from Thebes, from being a hostage for three years, he noticed what can be changed. He decides to make his three part plan, completely unique to him. His plan includes: improving the phalanx, conquering Greece under Macedonian rule, and invading Persia for vengeance. Macedonia had always been looked down upon from the other Greek poleis as non Greek and underlings toward them, now Philip II had a score to settle, and people to prove wrong.
History of Byzantine Empire The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium that was a colony of Greek established by a person called Byzas. The empire was located on the Bosporus region in Europe thus serving as a trade route to Asia. It was the extension of the Roman Empire since most of the Roman practices were incorporated into this kingdom.
The development of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire were different due to government, economies and religion. The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an Emperor instead of a King, while Western Europe was separated into different countries by the language spoken. Western Europe had social systems of feudalism in place to serve the people. Christianity played a major role in both of the developments of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire was influenced by Romans, but Western Europe considered the Pope to be of high influence and guidance.
Throughout history, there has been many battles in which two large and powerful empires fought to maintain land, fought over religion, or to gain an abundance of resources. These empires, the Greek and the Persian, were hostile towards each other at the time. Although these empires were quite similar, they were near direct opposites at the time.
The Middle East is a place that was the birthplace for many cultures and religions such as Christianity and Islam. As they expanded from this region, both of these religions had good impact on history. However, Christianity and Islam have their similarities in religious beliefs and their differences in expansion between the two religions. Within the time period c. 600 CE to 1250 CE and 1st century to 1000 CE Islam and Christianity began to spread around the world. The two religions spread socially and economically similar but politically different.
Another significant similarity in the spread and development of these beliefs is that both faiths would experience a split that would change history forever. In 1054, a combination of political tension, theological differences, and leadership disputes between Rome and Constantinople caused what become known as the “Great Schism”. The Great Schism created two separate churches, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. These two churches remained under a state of excommunication from 1054 until 1965 when the leaders of the two churches finally agreed to meet and resume dialogue after
Crumbling political institutions and the erosion of decade old systems can be interpreted as a result of the Fall of Constantinople however the Byzantine systems prior to the invasion were already in a state of disarray. The entirety of the country feared Ottoman expansion and yet despite all their attempts the country had been abandoned by the West all pushing excuses of ongoing wars or events that prohibited them from sending aide or joining in wars directly. The political situation was worsened when Constantine XI interpreted Ottoman weakness and supported uprises of emirates within the Ottoman Empire being that of Aydin, Germiyan and Mentshe. These actions greatly angered the Ottoman Sultan as it had done damage which could cause “the