Laws Of Thermodynamics

It is electrically conductive as both a solid and a liquid, but not soluble in either water or any organic solvent. Classify the substance as best you can from these properties. Ans: Metallic. The high melting point rules out the molecular category due to the fact that molecular compounds have low melting point. [7] Conductivity in solid state leaves no doubt to the fact the substance is not ionic.

This measurement is accurate to Dr. Wile’s description of the outcome. He said, “Metals have small specific heats, so it [the answer] should be less than 1 J/g˚C.” Calorimetry is the science of determining the changes in energy of a system by measuring the heat exchanged with the surroundings. Calorimetry experiments are performed in order to determine the heat flow between two substances and a calorimeter is used. A calorimeter is a device that is used to measure the amount of heat transferred to or from an object. The science of calorimetry is that the energy gained or lost by the water is equal to the energy lost or gained by the object.

The reaction is first order with respect to propanone and acid, and zero order with respect to iodine. This means that if a concentration of propanone or acid is increased, the rate increases as well, in liner……. However, when the concentration of iodine is changed, the rate is not affected. This is due to it’s reaction mechanism. One way the reaction to occur, is explain as following: In the rate equation k is rate constant.

Explain how the molarity of the standard solution (the alkali) was calculated in the experiment (equation explained)- 0.1M of NaOH is required, this equation will be used: Concentration = moles volume This will be rearranged to find the moles needed to carry out the experiment. The concentration of the experiment using NaOH is 0.1M so we just need to rearrange the equation to find the molarity. 0.1 x 0.250 = 0.0250 moles Number of moles = mass RFM 0.0250 = mass 40 0.0250 x 40 + 1g (mass) Explain how this enabled you to accurately calculate the molarity of each acid used in the titrations (equations explained)- Molarity of the acid = molarity of the alkali x volume of the alkali volume of acid Firstly we will need to add up all of the volumes found within the titration to find an average: 13.10+13.20+13.10= 13.13 Molarity of Ethanoic acid = 0.1 x 25.00 = 0.190 mol dm-3 13.13 Molarity of Hydrochloric acid = 1.0 x 25.00 = 0.077 mol dm-3 32.53

The latter is described simply as nothing, or the negation of body.” In turn, Democritus’s proposal lead to John Dalton’s conception of what we know today as the Atomic Theory. Which, according to Boundless Chemistry, was the first credited modern theory. As stated, “the English chemist and meteorologist John Dalton is credited with the first modern atomic theory, as explained in his A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Dalton’s experiments with gases led to some of the earliest measurements of atomic masses and a concept of atomic structure and reactivity. Dalton’s atomic theory contained the following ideas: All atoms of a given element are identical.

“Accordingly two samples of hydrogen were prepared by evaporating large quantities of liquid hydrogen and collecting the gas which evaporated…” (Urey, H., Brickwedde, F. G., and Murphy, G. M., 1932), and then analyzed by the chemists, whom were searching for evidence of deuterium. The initial sample was not successful at proving deuterium’s existence; it was evaporated at -423.7°F (20 K or -253.2 °C), at a pressure of one standard atmosphere (100 kPa), and showed no enrichment of hydrogen-2 whatsoever. The second sample, however, was successful. It was evaporated at −434.5 °F (14 K or (−259.1 °C), at a pressure of 53 mmHg (7.1

is the changes of substances or molecule from a solid state to a liquid state. Another words for melting are latent heat of fusion. When heat is transferred, the temperature will rise or fall typically. But there are also cases that heat does not change at all when heat is transferred. So this type of heat is called latent heat (Figura and Teixeira, 2007).

Non-metals cannot conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metal elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires. The non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature gases and solids. Alkali Metals are made up of six different elements and are found in group one on the periodic table. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell.

two different directions to the spin. He also gave the world a rule to dictate how an electron in an atom would behave. Pauli’s exclusion principal states that, “if an electron has a certain set of quantum numbers then no other electron in that atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.” When 1926 came Erwin Schrödinger another Austrian physicist built upon Einstein and Louis de Broglie’s idea of wave particle duality. He developed a mathematical Equation that related the pattern of electrons with that of waves, he gave his wave mechanics the symbol psi . In 1932 James Chadwick discovered a second particle in the nucleus, he fired alpha particles at beryllium and found that neutrons were released.

A physicist’s job is to use humanity’s understanding of how matter and energy interact to learn about the Universe. The job of physics, however, is to unite the four fundamental forces of nature: Gravity, Strong and Weak Nuclear, and electromagnetism, into a single physical model; A theory of everything. In the 20th century, physicists revolutionized humanity’s understanding of these forces and made great strides in uniting them, but the two theories which have brought humanity the closest to this unified field theory, the theories of general Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics, cannot seem to coexist. Both of these theories have made immense contributions to science, but unless physicists can find a way to unite these two scientific principles