Section A: Throughout the years, the main cause of the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 has remained under question. Various thoughts and facts have been presented by historians, however, many different events and people led to this groundbreaking revolution. However, one of the main internal factors behind it appears to be the Shah’s weaknesses. Although the Shah had many supporters, unfortunately his weaknesses have proven to be a large factor of this revolution. In this paper I will discuss how this factor dominates the others, making it the main internal factor. To determine the extent of his weakness being the main factor, the investigation will explore how his failure to keep his word lead to his people becoming unsatisfied with the …show more content…
This included the middle class, landowners, and conservatives.
Khomeini neutralized his secular allies
He installed a theocracy under leadership of Islamic jurists and used Islamic themes to redefine citizenship and obedience to the state
Anger and discontent grew intensely one Khomeini entered the scene
Ulama resented the Pahlavi dynasty for continuing to erode their power and support growing influence of Western society on the country of Iran
Part C:
Origin: This source is a novel, “The Iranian Revolution: Its Global Impact”, written by John L. Esposito and published on August 1, 1990. John L. Esposito is an American professor of Islamic Studies and International Affairs at Georgetown University in Washington DC. In addition, he is the director of the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim- Christian Understanding at Georgetown. He earned a PhD and was elected president of Middle East Studies Association of North America in
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He was raised in a strong Roman Catholic household and continued to study these religions as he grew up. Religious bias may offer some limitations or biased views on the insight into the impact of the Iranian Revolution.
Value: The author of this novel has been studying Islamic studies for the majority of his life and has taught Islamic Studies as well. He understands the approach and thoughts of Iranians in addition to the other perspectives of the world. Esposito is well informed about Iranian government and its people.
Origin: This commentary, “Reflections on the Revolution in Iran”, was written by Scott Savitz, PhD. Dr. Savitz is a senior analyst at the Department of Homeland Security’s think tank. He deployed to Bahrain in support the U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) for two years after September 11 attacks. He published articles on British diplomacy in China, Cold War Intelligence in Berlin, and other historical topics. He earned his B.S. at Yale University and a PhD in chemical engineering in University of
Farber successfully argues that the iranian hostage crisis was infact the first encounter with radical islam. Farber paints the picture of two oppossing rivals. The Shah represents corruption and the Khomeini represents relegion. The Shah is allowed to enter the United states to recieve treatment for cancer. The fall of the Shah of iran leads to Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers to take over.
The purpose of Antonio Mendez and Matt Baglio writing this book was to inform people of what happened in Tehran after the American embassy was seized.
To expand on the issue of the Iran, On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students
In the opening chapter, Kimball begins his discussion by describing his encounter with the then Ayatollah, Ruhollah Khomeini, in Qom, Iran on Christmas Day. He described the Ayatollah as being very charismatic and grandfatherly, as well as being an extraordinarily influential religious and political leader (Kimball, p. 1). The two discussed a number of important issues like the Iranian revolution, Christian-Muslim relations, Jesus, and the U.S. hostages (Kimball, p.
Finally, the Shah died in July 1980 while living in Egypt. Now what the students of Iran truly wanted, for the Shah stand trial for his heinous crimes against humanity, was impossible. These events show the true power of economic goals and how they can turn a non-economic event into a truly dramatic struggle for national and international
During the Post-Classical Era, the religious outlook of the Middle East changed greatly. While the Islamic world perpetrated a long withstanding patriarchy, there were great changes in leadership structure. Great divisions were also drawn from disagreements in leadership and succession. Islamic society was patriarchal, and women were not equal to men. While advocating oppression of women, the Qur'an reads, “Men have authority over women because Allah has made them superior the the other.”
After the increase of modernization in Iran and the reductions of traditional religious values, the Iranian people began to grow displeased with the Shah and riots broke out in 1978. Many of the riots were in protest to the Shahs growing western political ties and an anti-west, more religiously tied group began to form. After increased pressure, the Shah left Iran in January of 1979 and Ayatollah Khomeini declared Iran as an Islamic state. Ayatollah Khomeini was a former prominent religious leader that was in opposition to the Shahs rule and was once exiles to Paris. Ayatollah Khomeini’s platform was one of traditional religious Islam and complete resistance to Democracy and Westernization.
He is a scholar in religious studies and also a professor in creative writing at the University of California. Reza Aslan is also a member of American Academy of Religion. Reza Aslan’s work has often been in controversy as some people believe that his works affect the religious sentiments of some communities. Reza Aslan ’s book
Back during the Iranian revolution, there were two political parties that had separate factors leading to the revolution. The party that affected the revolution the most was the Shah dynasty, where Mohammad Shah inspired the white revolution which supported women 's rights and economical growth. While Mohammad Shah did lead his country away from Islamic idealism, he did allow for economical growth and social reform which still positively affects Iran today. The Shah dynasty had a monarchal power system, which allowed them to have overall power of the country.
Opposition to Secular Ideology Imam Khomeini had very harsh objections against the secular ideology since he resented the separation of the State from religion, making it far superior than Islam. Not only did this divide make the State a legitimate source of power, it also made the State, a focus of allegiance. This trumped his ideas of establishing Islam as the way forward for the people of Iran. However, the Imam had no objections to nationalism, in the sense of patriotism, since it did contribute to creating an atmosphere of loyalty among the people.
Without God as a guiding presence in her life, Marji began to rebel against the ever-encroaching fundamentalist institution as much as possible. Under the pretense of religion, Iran strictly enforced new laws against social gatherings and all items of decadence, “They found records and video-cassettes at their place. A deck of cards, a chess set, in other words, everything that’s banned… It earned him seventy-five lashes”(105). This sudden loss of mediums to enjoy one’s self and prevalence of excessive punishment enforcing the declared moral code (132) were invitations to rebel for Marji.
The Houthis – who essentially act as elites by using Iran’s wealth and power – have been preventing DeFronzo’s second condition to occur, and therefore, reverting its revolutionary process of drafting a new
The reader will first be provided with a brief introduction that will discuss the events that led to the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War, as well as some of the major events that took place during the war. Then, this essay will examine the main reasons for U.S. involvement in the war. First will be discussed the U.S. strategy in the Middle East prior to the outbreak of the war, before analyzing the Americans' most important strategic interests in the region that led not only to their involvement in the war, but also to their decision to choose Iraq's side. Third, this essay will discuss the actual involvement of the U.S. in the Iran-Iraq War, by providing an analysis of U.S. policy decisions relating to the war, the military and financial
Kate Sherd Daniel Coffman Geography 3/16/18 Country Analysis Paper: Iran Introduction/ History: Iran is home to one of the world’s oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. Iran used to be known as Persia until 1935 when it became known as the Islamic republic. Iran won its independence in April of 1979 following the triumph of the Islamic Revolution, led by Ayatollah Khomeini who was the founder of Iran as an Islamic Republic. He was an Iranian Shia Muslim (religious leader and politician). Following the revolution, he became the Supreme leader which he held until his death in 1989.
If you just put together the population of some Sunni-dominated cities, such as Sanandaj, Zahedan, Iranshahr, Chabahar, Mahabad, Marivan, Gumbad and the like, it exceeds 10 percent of the Iran’s population. To this you need to add the population of Sunnite communities who live in Shiite -dominated cities. In every Iranian city you will find a significantly large Sunni community, even in Qom, which is the hub of Shi’ism and of the Shiite clergy. You will find a population of over million Sunnites only in Tehran. The Iranian leaders are ignoring all these