Other models and theories that could be applied
There are different theories and models to analyse companies and firm’s structures. For instance, there is the Mintzberg theory, that is totally diverse from the OCAI, but also, for example the Porter’s model. These models offer singular way to analyse a company, but those, have also some common characteristics.
1. Mintzberg’s model
Analysing the Mintzberg’s configuration it is possible to observe that his models is divided into five basic components that has different dimension and relevance:
1. Operating core: this is the base of the company, that perform the basic work.
2. Techno-structure: it helps the organization to adapt to the environment; all the employees are highly specialized,
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Middle-line managers: the principal role of this part is to connect the operating core with the Strategic apex. It is responsible for the implementation and coordination of the organizational units. It is located between the strategic apex and the operating core, it execute the directives and informs all departments. It should facilitate the monitoring, the coordination of the work and it have to make reports to the Strategic apex about the work of the Operating core. Looking to the OCAI model it’s possible to observe that this middle line managers, is really similar to the role played by supervisors in the Hierarchy …show more content…
This flow is a characteristic of the Hierarchy model in the OCAI where there is a strong command chain between the departments.
• Work, material that is the massive part of the work carried out from the base of the Mintzberg’s model, in other words the operating core.
• Information, one of the most important flow in this model, in fact it allows to a firm to communicate and collaborate rapidly, and correctly. Moreover, it’s a typical characteristic of the Clan system in the OCAI model.
• Decision processes, that is “only the simple way” in which an organization make and take a decision, respecting the mission and the vision of the same firm.
1.1 Mintzberg’s five generic structures
There are five generic organization structures which could be analysed in terms of the five-part theory:
1. Simple
The structure determines power, roles and responsibilities of each worker in the business and helps to ensure is able to understand their duty as an employee. It is important for a large company to have an organisational structure as it creates guidance for all employees because they’re able to understand where they stand as an employee and who to go to for any help or queries. Another reasons why they’re important is because it streamlines the companies’ operations and helps identify the different teams that you have
Speaker: The speaker of the article is Marc Sternberg, a former principal and the current director for the K-12 education for the Walter Family Foundation. He is a credible source because he has worked in the education system before and has turned a school with a 34% graduation rate to an 86% graduation rate due to him hiring exceptional teachers. Occasion: Marc Sternberg is addressing this topic because of the mayor’s recent decision to employ bad teachers. This is revealed in the beginning of the article. He is frustrated because he is a former principal and knows the effect of an exceptional teacher on the students.
3. Describe the organization, connection(s) between ideas, and transitions within the
This is an example of flat organisational structure as there is no middle management. The organisational structure of Macmillan Is split up into 6 different sections. The first and most important sector is the chief executive whose job it is to make the big decisions and to manage the major operations and resources of the company and finally acting as the main communicating point between board of directors and corporate operations, and then there is a board of trustees that the chief executive rely on to help them with the important decisions.
1. Introduction to Organisational Structures The Organizational Structure within a company determines the way in which an organization’s operational activities are performed. Some of the main operations defined within an organizational structure include the allocation, supervision, and coordination of how a project is to be completed. The organizational structure will determine how tasks are performed during a project and who the tasks are to be performed by. The organizational structure also states who will manage or oversee the project and the processes or protocols that will be implemented during the time frame of that particular project.
THE MCGARVIE MODEL The McGarvie Model was created by Richard E McGarvie, a former Governor of the State of Victoria in 1993. SELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT Under the McGarvie model, a Constitutional Council would be established to select a President. This Constitutional Council would consist of former Governor Generals, with the most recent receiving priority, then to former State Governors, Chief Justices of the High Court, Lieutenant Governors, High Court Judges and Federal Court Judges.
There are four major decision-making models- rational, bounded rationality, incremental and garbage can models. In the following, pros and cons of each model will be discussed and explain why Incremental and Garbage Can Models can best describe the decision made during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Rational model is a cognitive process, which the decision-makers run through rational steps. The steps refer to definition of problems, identification and evaluation of alternative policies, implementation of the best policies among all and finally monitoring of effects, ran through a unitary decision-maker (Taylor, 1998). Theoretically, the model can search for the best solution to the problem based on the comprehensive consideration.
Organization structure – The whole activies are divided in the department and the responsibility and hirenchy of each department is well defined. However Senior management needs to be more focused on Strategic Initiative rather than Daily Operations .For this it is Important to develop a second Rung of Leadership. Human Resource Plan – The Human resourse plant is defined for all the employee and the system for the recruiting , training & development, benefits and reward is well established.
This approach tends to predict the ultimate outcome of a disturbance of the organisational equilibrium by a change in the task environment (Chand, 2015). It is a management approach that considers an organization’s objectives, organization and job design, human resources, environment and managerial skills as interacting and affecting the type of management decisions made about planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Sehgal, 2016, p. 14). The contingency approach takes into consideration not only given situations but also the impact of given solutions on behaviour patterns of an organization (Reddy, 2016, p. 7). With that being said, it is important to remember that structure and management are situational on the nature of the environment in which the organization is positioned.
This is a system that shows how much variety positions from top to bottom of the organization. In bureaucratic organizations, the office also follows the principle of the hierarchy of each department are regulated by higher office. The
The different type of structures (1) Functional – each portion of the organisation is grouped according to its purpose. (2) Matrix - ‘’ creates project teams that cut across traditional functional departments, instead of highlighting the role or status of individuals, it gathers together a team of specialists with the objective of completing a task or a project successfully ‘’ . (3) Divisional – It is the grouping of workers on the basis of products being produced, followed by the functional structure. There are two types of divisional structure , (a) Product structure (b) Process structure (4) Geographical – It is the grouping of workers on the basis of regions, followed by the functional structure and , (5) Hierarchical structure which has been adopted by Ritz Carlton. It shows the different levels of hierarchy, span of control and chain of command.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Apple Inc. has followed different organizational structures and the changes that came depending upon the time frame and when situations called for it. Our objective is to find out the advantages and disadvantages of different organization structure that Apple Inc. has implemented till now. Apple Inc. has followed a flat structure of organization. Basically this flat structure has encouraged employees to contribute to the decision making process by directly participating in it.
Toyota Revolves around its organizational structure, culture, climate and decision making perspectives. All these factors impact Toyota’s ability to make decision and then take actions. Failure to acknowledge anyone of them in a sensible way might damage a company’s reputation. Lets discuss these factors in detail. Organizational Structure is the framework of the company which lays down the foundation of the company.
It refers to the patterns of communication, interpretation and adjustment between individuals. Both the verbal and nonverbal responses that a listener then delivers are similarly constructed in expectation of how the original speaker will react. Workers contribution is more involved in this theory. (Markes, 1999) Contributions 1)