Literature is the mirror of society. Through literature authors often reflect the customs, values, and beliefs of their time. Jane Austen does just this in her novel Pride and Prejudice, despite it being a fictional story. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen examines traditional marital customs and depicts how the dynamic of marriage shifted to focus on companionate marriage to develop the story’s characters and drive the plot. In doing so, she reveals that many of the marriage norms of 19th century England remain the same today.
From the beginning of the story, Austen introduces the importance of marriage for a woman. Mrs. Bennet’s exhilaration upon Mr. Bingley’s arrival reflects this notion. Mrs. Bennet avows, “I am thinking of his marrying one of them” (book). For unmarried women in 18th century England, “the only prospect in life [was] a suitable marriage” (2). Women and their parents sought “a wise marriage between equal social statuses with stable finances” (3). This was because economic mobilization for women was only possible through marriage, and it was considered proper for women to marry within their social class (2). “Marriage [was] a necessity rather than a choice” (5). This is evident in Miss Bingley’s disapproval of Jane and Mr. Bingley’s relationship. Mr. Bingley belonged to the upper-class while Jane was part of a middle-class family creating external strife in their romantic relationship. Despite marriage often being based on money and social status, not all
How would it feel to forego all sense of conformity within a society to have relationship with a loved one? Has it ever come to mind that one could project their feelings towards another as disgust, only later to reveal them as love? In Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, she portrays Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy to experience this exact struggle; Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy both find a way to challenge specific reputations they are expected to uphold among their social classes, so they can ultimately be with each other. Throughout the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen draws a connection among the frequent aspects of prejudice, social order, and reputation to enhance the progressive love between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy.
During the Victorian era, marriage was thought of as matches made for authority and status, especially societal stability. Throughout the book, Emma constantly talks about not wanting to marry due to the expectations and responsibilities that come with marriage. Emma confides in Harriet about not wanting to “marry a man merely because she is asked, or because he is attached to her, and can write a tolerable letter." Jane Austen utilises Emma to describe how marriage should be more than a way to progress on the social ladder, it should be more about loving the man, criticising the societal values during the Victorian Era. This idea is seen again when Emma expresses her want to be independent and loved when married.
In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen uses her wit to attract readers deeply. Different from other authors, Austen portrays characters vividly and every character’s personality is distinct from each other. We also can find humor everywhere in Pride and Prejudice that Austen expresses through conversations between characters. The dialogue always makes readers smile knowingly because it reminds us the social issues behind the words. In addition, Austen uses a variety of ironies to express her own view on characters, both in her book and in her society.
Emma’s and Mr Knightley’s engagement is Austen’s statement on social status as a crucial resolving factor of an appropriate prospective marriage, seen through Mrs Weston’s comments: “so proper, suitable, and unexceptionable” and “so peculiarly eligible, so singularly fortunate”. The accumulation, repetition of ‘so’ and connotations of the words, such as “proper”, “suitable” and “eligible”, imply that an ideal, befitting relationship is contingent on socio-economic compatibility and maintaining social harmony. This also infers the engagement’s undeniable rationality and enforces the notion of a quintessential relationship. The correlative significance of marriage in Highbury and Regency England signifies that the unobjectionable engagement is Austen’s authorial intrusion and her statement on marriage: spouses should have equivalent socio-economic competence. Similarly, in Clueless, Heckerling infuses the use of social status in match-making criteria through the scene of Cher attempting to find a decent partner for Mr Hall.
Miss Bingley dislikes the idea of them getting married because they have no fortune for themselves. Also, stated in this book, “‘They are destined for each other...and what is to divide them?... A young woman without family, connections, or fortune.’ ” Lady Catherine detests the marriage of a rich man, her nephew, and a typical middle-class lady, Elizabeth.
Societal expectations In the Regency era, the society had high demands and expectations for the way people should act. Jane Austen viewed the expectations that were placed upon her as restricting, however one would not be able to break these restrictions without creating a disturbance. This is shown throughout Pride and Prejudice and the path that each individual character takes. Austen makes her opinion of the influence of the societal expectations clear through her characterization in Pride and Prejudice.
The women in Sense and Sensibility were more interested in obtaining a husband due to financial difficulties than that of a good education. Gender stereotypes are seen throughout this novel, as educational success was only deemed important for the more superior men. Social orders reflect the differences in social class and gender. We see Austen use the economic position of women to show the powerlessness they had which underlies the pressure of marriage and the vulnerability
In the case of the Bennet daughter’s, their father had a small yearly income, therefore, being less favorable to marry to a higher social class. The first paragraph in the novel, “Pride and Prejudice” it is states that (a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.) (3). Women of this period, didn’t have fortune, nor could they possess property, therefore, becoming someone’s wife would assure them a future.
Jane Austen auspiciously illustrates societies concept of marriage in her novel. England’s early nineteenth century was measured off of class, wealth, and etiquette. The social status of a woman
In the same time, these literary works have differences, for the most part because the latter underlines the evolution in Jane’s writing style and ideas determined by satirical images of the high-class, and appoints a novel, typical for the mature stage of her career, while Pride and Prejudice is a model of her beginning as a writer. The first novel shapes the middle-class society (the Bennet family, their relatives, and neighbors), in an accurate way, especially because the author belonged to it; she spend her entire life in this social circle, and her continually encounters with its members provided her, those well painted details. Thus, Austen is perfectly aware of the desires and aspirations of the women and men in this class. Those people were craving to overcome their social status, they were in constant search of means which could endow them, and so they were capable of many things to achieve their purposes. Therefore, the main characters of this novel, the Bennet family, who were having five unmarried daughters, were struggling to assure their future, by marrying them in the upper-class: A single man of large fortune; four of five thousand a year.
Jane Austen lived in a period at the turn from the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century, which was a period of mixed thoughts, which conflicted all the times. Among all the conflicts, the most important one was the disparity in social status between men and women. Not only men’s status was in the center of the society but also common people thought it was right that men were much more important than women were. In those days girls were neither allowed nor expected to study much because they did not have to work for a living. They were supposed to stay at home and look beautiful in order to get suitable husbands.
The gender roles of Jane Austen’s time, and the mirroring of them in Persuasion, are good examples of how hard it can be to resist inequality amongst sexes. Gender inequality is a social issue that recurs throughout the novel. Most of the characters that face gender inequality comply with their oppression. Moreover, the characters that are oppressed by gender inequality have come to expect such injustice. Jane Austen’s Persuasion demonstrates true-to-life examples of how both women and men accept their “role” in society, accept and expect it.
Did you ever see her? A smart, stilish girl they say, but not handsome. I remember her aunt very well…she married a very wealthy man” (Austen 184). Willoughby despite loving Marianne marries Miss Gray for her money because of his financial state. Instead of love, money becomes a determiner for the choice of marriage, making it a commodity rather than a
The above passage from Pride and Prejudice depicts a major turning point in the novel. This passage follows Mr. Darcy’s marriage proposal to Elizabeth. Before this passage, Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth and then follows by explaining to her all the reasons he tried to stop himself from falling for, claiming that Elizabeth’s low social class would degrade his own social standing and the problem with her family were reasons he tried to resist his feelings for her, which emphasizes the theme of social class because it shows how social class means something different for everyone and is more important to some people than to others. What Mr. Darcy says to Elizabeth before the passage above illustrates a justification to Elizabeth’s anger towards Mr. Darcy and is a reason Elizabeth was so angry and frustrated towards Mr. Darcy in this passage, compared to when she rejected Mr. Collin’s marriage proposal.
Marriage was their main goal in their life, much like that of the Bennet family. These social constructs were buried deep into the lives of many men and women, and most women abided firmly to these rules, many with pride. From reading Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice however, it is clear that Austen was one of the few women of this time, who did not wish to condone these rules of a patriarchal society. She portrays these views through the depictions of her female