The Muslim Golden Age

104: The Slanderer This passage is probably about one or a few people in Mecca before Muhammad was exiled. During this time he was trying to convince people to only follow Allah. He was arguing against the polytheistic aristocracy of Mecca. This condemnation showed that salvation is not only about wealth. It is about good works and believing in Allah.

Throughout the post-classical era, there was a rise of various types of empires. One of the prominent empires was the Mongol Empire. The Mongol Empire consisted of nomadic warriors, called the Mongols, that consisted of tribes “of mostly illiterate, nomadic horsemen that hailed from the steppes north of China, where nomadic tribes had lived for centuries.” However, their lack of language and education did not stop them from becoming one of history's largest empires. The Mongols became one of history’s largest empires because it was “twice the size of the Roman Empire and the territory conquered by Alexander the great.”

While they were all Muslim, the Islamic empires, or the Gunpowder Empires, dealt with other religions differently from one another. The first of the empires to emerge in 1280, the Ottoman empire, had a religious tax, or jitza, for being non-Islamic. The next empire to emerge in 1487, the Safavid empire, made their Islamic sect of Shiism required by law. The last of the Islamic empires to emerge in 1504, the Mughal empire, began as a religiously tolerant empire, especially during the rule of Akbar, but later changed to being extremely intolerant of religion. The Ottoman empire started to break down 400 years after its foundation, while the Safavid empire and the Mughal empire lasted for 200 years.

The Medici family started out as doctors operating in a rural town north of Florence. When Giovanni Di Micci de 'Medici founded the first Medici bank in 1397, it became the most successful bank in Florence and started their rise to power. After his death, the eldest of Giovanni’s two sons, Cosimo, took control of the bank in 1434. Under Cosimo’s leadership the Medici’s managed the wealth of Europe’s royalty and the Medici bank grew into the largest banking house in Europe. Before long they came to have branches in Geneva, London, Naples, Avignon, Bruges, Rome, Venice and Milan and many correspondent banks.

Muslim development? No big deal, right? Wrong! Muslim civilizations produced some of the most influential innovations and communications that still affects the world today. The most important Muslim developments are mathematics, astronomy, and science.

The Influence of The Islamic Golden Age on the Modern World According to Islamic History Online The Golden Age was a time when Muslims created one of the largest empires in history with inventors throughout the Islamic world, making discoveries in many fields such as agriculture, art, industry, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, sociology, and technology. Although there were discoveries in all topics, but the Muslim world is more famously known for becoming a major contributor to science, philosophy, medicine, and education. Similar to the The Golden Age, dated from the mid-7th century to the mid-13th century the “House of Wisdom” was built in Baghdad where scholars came to gather the world’s knowledge and study.

The Fiat Money The Fiat money are always the biggest issues to the Muslims scholars since 12th century due to the questionable intrinsic value. In the past, such issues have not being arise because the practice of such monetary system were not exists up until the 19th century, where the gold and silver were started to be replace by Fiat money currencies (paper money). In the early 9th to 17th centuries, Muslim scholars such as Al-Ghazzali, Ibn Taimiyyah and Ibn Khaldun had discussed the media for exchange of gold and silver with conventional value, to which the counting of the outdated weighing became as a legally valid method and money become numérarie; that is a basic standard by which values are measured as gold in monetary system). However,

Islamic Modernism and Islamism were two new streams of Islamic thought which emerged after the decline of European colonialism. Both of these movements had well defined and different visions. In the 1800s, new Western influence was widespread throughout the Islamic World. The Ottoman Empire faced a long decline characterized by financial problems by Western foreign that powers took advantage of to manipulate the decaying empire. The Wahhabi Movement and Egyptian independence marked the beginning of new reform as the Islamic world braced itself for the twentieth century.

During the half millennium from about 1000 to 1500 c.e, Mongol people of Eurasia played a larger role than ever before, establishing the largest land empire in history. The mongol empire had a large influence in shaping the continent of Eurasia both politically and economically. Beginning at the conquest of Genghis Khan, The Mongol Empire stretched throughout Europe, Asia and the Middle East. The economic effects of Mongol rule were similar and benefitted both China and the Middle East with the support of trade throughout both empires. However,politically mongol rule within china and the middle east differed greatly.

Ancient Religion Kathleen Yarbrough Post University October 1, 2017   Ancient Religion Islam and Christianity both originally came from the Middle East, and both have many differences and similarities. I believe that Christianity was the first to come about in the 5th or 6th century, then Islam came about in the 7th century, it is hard to tell what information is correct and what is not because much of the information is conflicting. I do believe from all the information that I read that this piece of information was correct, the Islam people believed that if you do something wrong you pay, and the Christians were more passive and believed in forgiveness. Both Islam and Christians believe in hell. "