is a means of victimizing a specific people or if it is directed towards a certain race. This is because the distributive principles may provide guidance for choices faced by each society every now and then.
One may start by considering the principle of strict egalitarianism that states that people are morally equal and that it is best to give effect to this idea. We get the information that in dispensing criminal justice, one community or race should not get overlooked but all should be treated fairly. In the book by alexander Michael that goes by the title "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" she tends to believe
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Considering the views of Alexander, we find her making a statement that the birth of Jim Crow came about when laws were passed to push African Americans in a situation where their rights could be completely stripped from them. Further she goes to explain how this problem was solved by lifting of the Jim Crows laws. However, with the end of this laws the African-American community still live in fear of groups such as Ku Klux Klan and are still marginalized in employment opportunities. In his book Alexander states, " Nearly a quarter of African Americans live below the poverty line today, approximately the same percentage as in 1968. The black child poverty rate is actually higher now than it was then. Unemployment rates in black communities rival those in Third World countries” CITATION Mic12 \l 1033 (Alexander, 2012). This information shows that the black community is a disadvantaged community and that the government needs to come up with measures of ensuring that their security is guaranteed and that they get fair opportunities as other members rather than bundling them up in prisons and assuming that they engage in crime just by
Jim Crow was not a person, it was a series of laws that imposed legal segregation between white Americans and African Americans in the American South. It promoting the status “Separate but Equal”, but for the African American community that was not the case. African Americans were continuously ridiculed, and were treated as inferiors. Although slavery was abolished in 1865, the legal segregation of white Americans and African Americans was still a continuing controversial subject and was extended for almost a hundred years (abolished in 1964). Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South is a series of primary accounts of real people who experienced this era first-hand and was edited by William H.Chafe, Raymond
I attended a high school that is predominately of color, however, I don't remember a time when a teacher taught the students about systemic racism. So, I decided to take the matter into my own hands – I pressured my history teacher to talk about the issues that currently affect people of color. I recommended a book called "The New Jim Crow" by Michelle Alexander to be taught the last few weeks of school. Surprisingly, the teacher agreed to add the book to the curriculum. We talked about systemic racism, the school-to-prison pipeline, and the prison industrial complex.
When the voting act of 1965 was passed, it was viewed as a turning point for segregation in America. As if it described in history textbooks, it is when all forms of racism were abolished – on paper. However, it was not at all like that. Racism then had to be discreet and systems that were built on racism were never reformed and instead, instilled systematic and institutional racism. In her book, “The New Jim Crow”, Michelle Alexander speaks on the injustices she has viewed and relates them all back to the concept that racism was reformed to fit into today’s society through systems and institutions.
On page thirty-two of The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander explicitly states that we transitioned from the death of the "Old Jim Crow" to the birth of "The New One" through: "a criminal justice system that was strategically employed to force African Americans back into a system of extreme repression and control" (32). After the death of slavery / during the Reconstruction Era, African Americans obtained political power and began the long march toward greater social and economic equality. As a result, whites reacted with panic / outrage and conservatives vowed to reverse Reconstruction / "redeem" the South. Through the Ku Klux Klan, resurgent white supremacists fought a terrorist campaign against Reconstruction governments and local leaders.
“She would impart to me gems of Jim Crow wisdom” (Wright 2). In “The Ethics of Living Jim Crow,” Richard Wright, speaks of his own experiences growing up in the half century after slavery ended, and how the Jim Crow laws had an effect on them. Wright’s experiences support the idea that a black person could not live a life relatively free of conflict even if they adhered to the ethics of Jim Crow. The first experience that Wright describes came when he was only a young boy living in Arkansas. He and his friends had been throwing cinder blocks and they found themselves in a ‘war’ against a group of white boys.
AP ENGLISH Per-7 Rajdeep SIngh The New Jim Crow By, Michelle Alexander Publisher-The New Press The book I have chosen is The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander. This novel is basically telling us (the readers) that racism back then and the racism now has not changed much but it is improving.
This legalized discrimination and social animus directed towards Black people clearly shows that this is a Black issue. “One in three young African American men is currently under the control of the criminal justice system—in prison, in jail, on probation, or on parole—yet mass incarceration tends to be categorized as a criminal justice issue as opposed to a racial justice or civil rights issue (or crisis)” (p.
How do you think a modern person would struggle during Jim Crow Laws? During 1865, when Reconstruction started, Black Louisianan's gain their freedom as slavery ended and recied privileges like voting rights. When Reconstruction ended, Black Louisianan's lives struggled more because of Jim Crow Laws ing introduced. Black Louisianan's esisted Jim Crow segregation in multiple ways. Black Louisianians resisted Jim Crow segregation in many ways, including sueing for more freedom, planning protest and a boycott, ignored cartain laws, and making people change laws.
The Result of Partnership Imagine living without freedom. Not being able to go to certain places like schools, stores, and buses. That was what it was like for an African American before the Civil Rights Movement because of certain discriminatory laws known as Jim Crow Laws. These laws caused many courageous people to risk their lives and change the world. During the Civil Rights Movement, Jim Crow Laws underwent a massive change due to legal battles, protests, and leaders speaking out, which shows when people work together, positive changes can be made.
Race is one the most sensitive and controversial topics of our time. As kids, we were taught that racism has gotten better as times has passed. However, the author, Michelle Alexander, of The New Jim Crow proposes the argument that racism has not gotten better, but the form of racism that we known in textbooks is not the racism we experience today. Michelle Alexander has countless amounts of plausible arguments, but she has failed to be a credible author, since she doesn’t give enough citations or evidence for her argument to convince people who may not have prior agreement with her agreement.. Alexander’s biggest mistake when it came to being a credible author was starting off the book with a countless number of claims without any evidence in her Introduction.
Michelle Alexander, similarly, points out the same truth that African American men are targeted substantially by the criminal justice system due to the long history leading to racial bias and mass incarceration within her text “The New Jim Crow”. Both Martin Luther King Jr.’s and Michelle Alexander’s text exhibit the brutality and social injustice that the African American community experiences, which ultimately expedites the mass incarceration of African American men, reflecting the current flawed prison system in the U.S. The American prison system is flawed in numerous ways as both King and Alexander points out. A significant flaw that was identified is the injustice of specifically targeting African American men for crimes due to the racial stereotypes formed as a result of racial formation. Racial formation is the accumulation of racial identities and categories that are formed, reconstructed, and abrogated throughout history.
With the prison population raising steadily since the 1970’s the number of blacks that are in imprisoned is disproportionate to the actual population of the United States. Meaning that young black men are eight times more likely to be imprisoned by time they are 30 years old than their white counterparts. This has led to the change in milestones experienced by young black males. Where white males will graduate high school, go on to college, start a career, and start families, black male lives are marked by arrests, court dates, and prison terms, many do not even finish high school, this
Annotated Bibliography Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: The New Press. Alexander opens up on the history of the criminal justice system, disciplinary crime policy and race in the U.S. detailing the ways in which crime policy and mass incarceration have worked together to continue the reduction and defeat of black Americans.
Slavery is over therefore how can racism still exist? This has been a question posed countlessly in discussions about race. What has proven most difficult is adequately demonstrating how racism continues to thrive and how forms of oppression have manifested. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow, argues that slavery has not vanished; it instead has taken new forms that allowed it to flourish in modern society. These forms include mass incarceration and perpetuation of racist policies and societal attitudes that are disguised as color-blindness that ultimately allow the system of oppression to continue.
The piece of writing which I felt was unsuccessful for me was the Rhetorical Analysis of an article relating to a topic from our course book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander. This piece of writing was difficult for me to organize my ideas around. The article that I decided to use for my rhetorical analysis highlighted mass incarceration among African American and the effect of civil liberties being are taken away from these individuals. I had a lot of repetition because many of the examples I used demonstrated more than one type of appeal. I found myself repeating what the purpose of the example was and how it demonstrated proper use of ethos, pathos, and logos.