The Plessy V. Ferguson Court Case

Plessy v. Ferguson is a Supreme Court case that legalized segregation,”separate but equal”. The Supreme Court said that “separate but equal” did not violate the 14th Amendment. This all happened because an African American man sat in a whites only train car and refused to move. He sued and said that this violated his constitutional right. Case: In 1892 Homer Plessy took a seat in the “whites only” car of the train and refused to move.

This case, which concerned racial segregation laws for public facilities such as restrooms, restaurants, and water fountains, made its way all the way to the Supreme Court. As way of background, in 1890 Louisiana passed a law which required blacks and whites to ride in separate train cars. However, in 1892, Homer A. Plessy, who was a black man, boarded a car designated for whites only. He was asked to leave, but refused and was arrested immediately. In the case, Plessy vs Ferguson, Plessy’s position was that his rights were violated under the 13th and 14th amendments of the Constitution, which dictated equal treatment under the law.

In 1857, an African American man named Dred Scott sued for his freedom in the Supreme Court. His owners brought him along on their trips across free states. Dred Scott failed in suing before his case was presented in the Supreme Court. Roger B. Taney was the fifth chief Justice of the United States when he wrote the Dred Scott vs Sandford decision. The Dred Scott vs Sandford case ended with the decision that African Americans, free and enslaved, had no rights and could not become citizens because they were property.

  The Thirteenth Amendment, adopted in 1865, abolishes slavery or involuntary servitude except in punishment for a crime. The Fourteenth Amendment, adopted in 1868, defines all people born in the United States as citizens, requires due process of law, and requires equal protection to all people. The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, prevents the denial of a citizen’s vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The amendments that were used helped the black Americans from the whites.

Board of Education. The supreme Court put an end to the racial segregation that was happening in public schools. John F Kennedy: Kennedy was elected for president since he promised equality for African Americans. Kennedy passed laws that would allow African Americans to vote.

At the great political cost, finally, Van Buren pushed through congress his central domestic measure for an independent treasury. As his basic response to the Panic of 1837, it would separate treasury operations from all private banks. Jackson had severed the connection with the national bank and deposited government revenues in selected state banks. While in state Senate Van Buren voted for a resolution instructing New York 's members of Congress to vote against the admission of Missouri as a slave state. He was against its abolition both in D.C. and in the United States altogether, and said so in his Inaugural Address in 1837.

There is record that Jefferson invited both Cosways back to Virginia, but none of a marriage proposal to Maria Cosway. (A bit of dramatization took place there.) Moving on, slavery was another important theme of the film, but the truth was slightly stretched in some aspects. For example, one Frenchman, while reading over the Declaration of Independence, says "Are all men created equal, Mr. Jefferson, or should this read 'all white men are created equal'?" His fellow French countryman then adds, "Your revolution appears to be incomplete.

In 1954, Brown vs. Board of Education deemed segregated public schools unconstitutional, yet white southern colleges did not begin to admit African American students until the early 1960s; furthermore, even though African Americans encompassed raw talent and the necessary physical characteristics, they were excluded from athletic teams until the late 1960s and early 1970s (Integration, 2012). Coach Don Haskins, a man with no prejudices, did not care about what other people thought. He explained to the players he was trying to recruit, "I do not see color, I just see talent and that is what I put on the court (Gartner, 2006). Haskins realized that talent does not differentiate between race, color, sex or age. By utilizing this novel idea to play the best players no matter the color of their skin, Head Coach Haskin’s true desire was to create a competitive team.

The Emancipation Proclamation also ordered that suitable people among those freed could now be enrolled into paid service of United States ' forces, and ordered the Union Army to "recognize and maintain the freedom of" the former slaves. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners in any way, did not make slavery illegal and did not grant any citizenship to the former slaves. It only made the eradication of slavery an explicit war goal as an addition to the goal of reuniting the Union. Around 20,000 to 50,000 slaves in the southern regions where the rebellion already had been subdued were immediately emancipated. The proclamation could not be enforced in the areas still under rebellion, but when the Union Army took control of Confederate regions, The Proclamation provided the legal support framework for freeing about more than 3 million slaves in those southern regions.

One of the Supreme Court Cases that were held was Plessy V. Ferguson, which was argued on April 18, 1896 until May 18, 1896. This issue was over the law that trains, would have to provide separate accommodations to both black and white races equally. One man who was mostly Caucasian and partially African had the rights of a white citizen. For this reason, he bought a ticket for first class, however was not allowed to be seated within this area due to the judgment of a conductor. The man who is Plessy, refused what he was told to do and as a result was taken off to be imprisoned in jail.

Mississippi in the 1960’s was a historical and life- changing time period for the colored society. Many colored people stood up and fought for equal rights such as Martin Luther King, Jjr., Rosa Parks and Malcolm X, but that was only well known ones. As they were fighting for equal rights, the white society had other strong opinions by going against them and doing things as riots, beating the colored and even shootings. In the early 1960’s the law that established the segregation of the white and colored was called the Jim Ccrow Llaw.

In Louisiana the law required separate rail cars for whites and blacks. Homer Plessy refused to give into the rules and not confining to his ‘appropriate’ rail car. Plessy sued the Judge that was assigned to look over his trial, Judge John H. Ferguson. His plea was denied and He appealed to the Supreme

"No problem on the planet that can 't be solved without violence. That 's the lesson of the civil rights movement- Andrew young. " First, the civil rights movement was a time when colored people wanted equality. It was a hard time for colored people because they didn 't have the same luxury as the whites.

The case was come back to the lower court and the judge permitted a change of venue, moving the retrials to Decatur, Alabama. Judge Horton was selected. Amid the retrials, one of the claimed casualties conceded creating the assault story and attested that none of the Scottsboro Boys touched both of the white ladies. The jury found the litigants blameworthy, yet the judge put aside the decision and allowed another

Booker T. Washington, the head of Tuskegee, helped to advance education and self-improvement for blacks, saying that whites needed to accept that black people were deserving of voting rights. Gomillion and his attorneys appealed to the U.S Supreme Court. The case was argued by Alabama Civil Rights attorney Fred Grey. This was a landmark case, The Supreme Court ruled this was against the 14th and 15th amendment. Martin Luther King Jr. also influenced this case when he marched in Alabama, getting many whites and African Americans on his side helping the final decision of the