Knowledge Discovery In Data Mining

The Fourth Amendment is “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause.” In other words, it is against the law for police to search any person without probable cause and an issued warrant. (Cartoon Surveillance) This protects the privacy of the innocent people that may not be considered guilty. However, giving the people a right to a warrant is only giving them an advantage, while the police and the government have a disadvantage. Issuing warrants take away time and privilege for police. Needing a warrant may unable police to some investigations as well.

Personal Privacy There are many reasons why all counter-terrorism efforts potentially violate the 4th amendment. The government thinks that looking into other people’s privacy will be a better way to find their so called enemies but in doing so, that will also mean that they have to look into people’s information and some of those people may not have caused any crime of any sort. One targeting the wrong people for crimes they never committed, two searching a person without a valid warrant/reason, and invading in someone else's privacy without them knowing. It will be explained as to why it isn't right for the government to be spying on civilians as an excuse to save the country from potential enemies. One of the main things the government does

Private Property The fourth amendment is about private property. Some people do not like anybody going through their things and some people do not care. The 4th amendment states about how you are not able to search someone else 's property unless you have a warrant. People should have a warrant. If you have to go through someone else 's property, then you need a warrant.

Throughout the twenty first century technology has had substantial advancements, resulting in improvements and enhancements of one 's everyday life. With these advancements, come positive and negative effects. Paying bills, shopping online, and doing taxes are all painless tasks anyone can perform thanks to the power of top of the line computers and internet services. In contrast to the beneficial uses of advanced technology, there are also cynical uses one with a destructive intention could carry out. Hacking personal information, cyber bullying, and plagiarism have all resulted in the upgrading of technology that was not originally intended.

INTRODUCTION Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity . The word Steganography is of Greek origin and means “concealed writing” from the Greek words steganos meaning “covered or protected”, and graphing meaning “to write”. Steganography is the technique of hiding the message in a chosen carrier such that no one except the intended recipient is aware of its existence. Secrecy: Extraction of hidden data from the host medium should not be possible without the knowledge of the proper secret key used in the extracting procedure. Imperceptibility: After embedding the data in the medium, it should be imperceptible from the original medium.

It is nothing without the people and information making the “computer-based tools work with or help the information and information-processing needs of an organization” (14). It is used to deal with computers involving software and hardware. It is the process of restoring, retrieving, studying and transmitting data. It made it easier and quicker for the people to get information and communicate with others, but it influenced them in many ways as their behavior and hacking. Information technology provides people with the tools to work with, store, change and share the information that they are

The SEC was proactive in the sense that it allows for tips to be sent in, but they did not take fully investigate the tips sent in. One could argue that there was no point in the whistleblowing system if one is not going to investigate the tips sent in. Another thing to note is the psychological effects of being a whistleblower on Harry Markopolos. In order for a whistleblowing system to be effective, the system should contain anonymity, the possibility of reporting to an independent party, provide any means to make the report, and a follow-up. The SEC failed in the follow-up.

TRADE SECRETS A trade secret is the legal term for confidential business information. It can include any information that is valuable to its owner and that the latter wants to keep secret. Trade secret may include customer lists, recipes and formulas, special processes, devices, methods, techniques, business plans, research and development information, etc. In general, protection is sought to safeguard a trade secret from exploitation by those who obtain access through improper means or who breach an obligation of confidentiality. (ESA, 2013) Protecting a trade secret There is no formal registration or application procedure for trade secrets.

INTRODUCTION Data mining extracts hidden and useful information from the data. Valid, previously unknown, useful and high quality knowledge is discovered by data mining. Outlier detection is an important task in data mining. Outlier detection has many important applications and deserves more attention from data mining community. Outlier detection is an important branch in data pre-processing and data mining, as this stage is required in elaboration and mining of data coming from many application fields such as industrial processes, transportation, ecology, public safety, climatology.

For instance, a target stimulus may be the name of the exploited person, which is revealed to the subject over the span of test guidelines (and may be already known from news reports, and so forth) Irrelevant stimuli contain data that is not pertinent to the crime and not significant to the subject. They comprise of off base yet conceivable crime features. Irrelevant stimuli are intended to be indistinct from probes to somebody who does not know the features of the crime. Since the irrelevant stimuli are not critical in setting, they don't inspire a P300-MERMER. If a probe stimulus is the murder weapon, a knife, then irrelevant stimuli could be other plausible (but incorrect) murder weapons such as a pistol, a rifle, and a baseball